253 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from 6436045 Guidelines IKS in HE Curricula, published by ugc.gov.in. The source is a 29-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include indian knowledge system (iks), higher education curricula, national educational policy 2020 (nep 2020), indian knowledge traditions, sanskrit, indian languages, ayurveda, yoga. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 104 factual, 58 list, 43 definition, 31 summary, 14 relationship, 3 comparison. 149 of the 253 pairs (58.9%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 104 are factual or table-based questions. 99.60% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 253 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the 'Guidelines for Incorporating Indian Knowledge in Higher Education Curricula,' published by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The questions span various types, including factual, definition, summary, and relationship-based queries, and address topics such as Ayurveda, astronomy, Indian languages, and philosophical traditions. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability to the original text. The dataset is designed to support educational and research purposes in Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS).
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("www-ugc-gov-in-96efa31161687d1115ad3b3d5ec1e289")
df.head()First 10 of 253 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What does Natyasastra describe about Indian fine arts? | Natyasastra on the nature and purpose of fine arts. | University Grants Commission 13 Examples of the significance of architecture and materials in Ramayana and Mahabharata. Public opulence and private austerity in Indian architecture. Why there are many more of Temples than Palaces. Important texts of Architecture and Sculpture. The prevalence of high Indian architecture in almost all parts of India except the Ganga plains. Examples of high Indian architecture from ancient and medieval periods from different parts of India. The building of Jaipur in the 18th century. How temple art and architecture continues to flourish in modern India. 13. Indian Fine Arts: The importance of Gandharva-veda. Natyasastra on the nature and purpose of fine arts. Basic concepts of Indian music and dance. Important texts of Indian music, dance and painting. Indian musical instruments. Different schools of music, dance and painting in different regions of India. | 648 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Indian Fine Arts: The importance of Gandharva-veda. Natyasastra on the nature and purpose of fine arts. Basic concepts of Indian music and dance. | 14 | page=14,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the Prastāra rule enumerate for tāla-forms? | all tāla-forms of a given value | The Virahāṅka sequence (so called Fibonacci sequence. Naṣṭa and Uddiṣṭa processes for finding the metrical form given the row-number and vice versa in a prastāra. Mātrā-meru to determine the number of metrical forms with a given number of gurus. Representation of any number as a sum of Virahāṅka numbers. Saṅgīta-ratnākara of Śārṅgadeva (c.1225). Tāna-Prastāra or enumeration of permutations or tānas of svaras. Prastāra, the rule of enumeration of permutations in the form of an array. Khaṇḍameru and the processes of naṣṭa and uddiṣṭa. Factorial representation of Śārṅgadeva. Tāla-Prastāra: Enumeration of tāla forms. The tālāṅgas: Druta, Laghu, Guru and Pluta and their values. Prastāra: Rule of enumeration of all tāla-forms of a given value. Saṅkhyā and the Śārṅgadeva-sequence of numbers. The processes of naṣṭa and uddiṣṭa. Representation of natural numbers as sums of Śārṅgadeva- numbers. | 715 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Prastāra: Rule of enumeration of all tāla-forms of a given value. | 19 | page=19,block=0 | 0.700 | |
| What does the symbol 'yāvatāvat' represent in the Bakṣālī Manuscript? | Symbol for denoting unknown quantities | Rational triangles and quadrilaterals. Chords of a circle. Volumes with uniform and tapering cross-sections. Pyramids and frustum. Shadow problems. Mathematical operations with plus, minus and zero. Rules in handling surds (karaṇī) Operations with unknowns (avyakta-ṣaḍvidha). Equations with single unknowns (ekavarṇa-samīkaraṇa). Equations with multiple unknowns (anekavarṇa-samīkaraṇa). Equations with products of unknowns (bhāvita). Brahmagupta on kuṭṭaka. The Second order indeterminate equation (Vargaprakṛti). Bhāvanā principle and its applications. 9. Bakṣālī Manuscript The discovery of Bakṣālī Manuscript. Its antiquity and uniqueness. Use of symbols. Symbol for negative sign (kṣaya). Symbol for denoting unknown quantities (yāvatāvat). Solution of indeterminate equations. Formula for approximate value of surds. Some interesting problems involving simultaneous equations. | 695 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Symbol for negative sign (kṣaya). Symbol for denoting unknown quantities (yāvatāvat). | 18 | page=18,block=0 | ||
| What does the term 'Varta' encompass in the context of Indian economic activity? | Krishi, Gopalana and Vanijya forming the basis of Varta and the core of economic activity in society. | King as the protector of Varta. King as the protector of the times. Meaning of Varta: Krishi, Gopalana and Vanijya forming the basis of Varta and the core of economic activity in society. The importance of sharing. Grama as the centre of the polity. 18. The Outreach of Indian Knowledge System: The outreach of Indian Knowledge System beyond Indian boundaries form the ancient times. Outreach to East, Southeast, Central and Southeast Asia of Indian phonetic script, decimal value place system based arithmetic, algebra, astronomy and calendar, medical pharmacopeia, architecture, methods of making iron and steel, cotton textiles, etc. The transmission of Indian linguistics, knowledge of plants, iron and steel metallurgy, textiles and dyeing, shipbuilding etc., to Europe in 17/18/19th centuries. Current global outreach of Ayurveda, Yoga and Indian Fine Arts. Suggested References 1. | 86 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Meaning of Varta: Krishi, Gopalana and Vanijya forming the basis of Varta and the core of economic activity in society. The importance of sharing. | ||||
| What does the term Dinacharya mean in Ayurveda? | Dinacharya or daily regimen for the maintenance of good health. | Guidelines for Incorporating Indian Knowledge in Higher Education Curricula 12 Dinacharya or daily regimen for the maintenance of good health. Ritucharya or seasonal regimen. Important Texts of Ayurveda. Selected extracts from Astāngahrdaya (selections from Sūtrasthāna) and Suśruta-Samhitā (sections on plastic surgery, cataract surgery and anal fistula). The large pharmacopeia of Ayurveda. Charaka and Sushruta on the qualities of a Vaidya. The whole world is a teacher of the good Vaidya. Charaka’s description of a hospital. Hospitals in ancient and medieval India. How Ayurveda continued to flourish till 18/19th centuries. Surgical practices, inoculation. Current revival of Ayurveda and Yoga. 8. Classical Literature in Sanskrit and Other Indian Languages: The nature and purpose of Kavya. Drisya and Sravya Kavyas. The ideas of Indian aestheticians on what constitutes the soul of Kavya. | 79 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Guidelines for Incorporating Indian Knowledge in Higher Education Curricula 12 Dinacharya or daily regimen for the maintenance of good health. Ritucharya or seasonal regimen. | ||||
| What is Agrajyā in the context of Tripraśna topics? | the distance between rising-setting line and the east-west line | Application to calculate retrograde motion of planets. 8. Tripraśna topics Latitudinal triangles (of Bhāskara) and applications. Agrajyā or the distance between rising-setting line and the east-west line. Correction to the east-west line due to change in Sun’s declination. Zenith distance in terms of the declination, hour angle and latitude (cos z = sin φ sin δ + cos φ cos δ cos H). Derivation of this formula as in Siddhāntaśiromaṇi. Relation among Śaṅkutala (Śaṅkvagra), Bhujā, Agrajyā and its applications. 9. Rising times of Rāśis and finding Lagna Relation between the right ascension and longitude and rising times of rāśis at the equator. Rising times at an arbitrary latitude. Finding the Lagna at any instant after Sunrise (approximate). 10. | 140 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Agrajyā or the distance between rising-setting line and the east-west line. | 27 | page=27,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the defined role of each Sastra in the Indian Knowledge System? | Each Sastra has a clearly defined purpose in Vyavahara. | Methodology of Indian Knowledge System: Systematization of knowledge fields as Sastra. Each Sastra has a clearly defined purpose in Vyavahara. The means of valid knowledge (Pramanas). Perception (Pratyaksha), Inference (Anumana) and Textual Tradition (Agama), as discussed in the canonical texts of all the disciplines. The importance of Pratyaksha and Agama in relation to Anumana. 12. Indian Architecture and Town Planning: The importance of Sthapatya-veda. The ancient cities of the Indus Saraswati region. Town planning and drainage systems. | 87 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Methodology of Indian Knowledge System: Systematization of knowledge fields as Sastra. Each Sastra has a clearly defined purpose in Vyavahara. The means of valid knowledge (Pramanas). | 13 | page=13,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the mathematical representation of Pell’s Equation? | X2 - D Y2 = 1 | University Grants Commission 19 Review of the Cakravāla method. Analysis of the Cakravāla method by Krishnaswami Ayyangar. History of the solution of the “Pell’s Equation” X2 - D Y2 = 1. Solution of “Pell’s equation” by expansion of √D into a simple continued fraction. Bhāskara semi-regular continued fraction expansion of √D. Optimality of the Cakravāla method. 14. Gaṇitakaumudī of Nārāyaṇa Paṇḍita Importance of Gaṇitakaumudī. Solutions of quadratic equations. Double equations of second and higher degree – rational solutions. Determinations pertaining to the mixture of things. Interest calculations – payment in installments Meeting of travelers. Progressions. Vārasaṅkalita: Sum of sums. The kth sum. The kth sum of a series in A.P. The Cow problem. Diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral – Third diagonal, area of a cyclic quadrilateral. | 172 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | History of the solution of the “Pell’s Equation” X2 - D Y2 = 1. | 20 | page=20,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the purpose of the Naṣṭa and Uddiṣṭa process in a prastāra? | finding the metrical form given the row-number and vice versa | The Virahāṅka sequence (so called Fibonacci sequence. Naṣṭa and Uddiṣṭa processes for finding the metrical form given the row-number and vice versa in a prastāra. Mātrā-meru to determine the number of metrical forms with a given number of gurus. Representation of any number as a sum of Virahāṅka numbers. Saṅgīta-ratnākara of Śārṅgadeva (c.1225). Tāna-Prastāra or enumeration of permutations or tānas of svaras. Prastāra, the rule of enumeration of permutations in the form of an array. Khaṇḍameru and the processes of naṣṭa and uddiṣṭa. Factorial representation of Śārṅgadeva. Tāla-Prastāra: Enumeration of tāla forms. The tālāṅgas: Druta, Laghu, Guru and Pluta and their values. Prastāra: Rule of enumeration of all tāla-forms of a given value. Saṅkhyā and the Śārṅgadeva-sequence of numbers. The processes of naṣṭa and uddiṣṭa. Representation of natural numbers as sums of Śārṅgadeva- numbers. | 86 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Naṣṭa and Uddiṣṭa processes for finding the metrical form given the row-number and vice versa in a prastāra. | 19 | |||
| What is the significance of Ahargaṇa in planetary computations? | the concept of Ahargaṇa, and its significance | Key concepts pertaining to planetary computations The revolution numbers of various planets, nodes, apogees, etc.; The count of the number of civil days, adhikamāsas, etc. in a mahāyuga. Introduce the concept of Ahargaṇa, and its significance; The basis for choice of epoch. Calculation of Ahargaṇa; Illustration with a few numerical examples choosing contemporary dates – using siddhāntic text (to begin with). Explain the computation of mean motion of planets, and how its computation along with the Ahargaṇa can help in finding the mean position of planets. 8. Computation of the true longitudes of planets Provide an overview of the steps involved in the computation of the true longitudes. Explain manda- saṃskāra in detail using epicyclic model and eccentric model. | 197 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/6436045_Guidelines-IKS-in-HE-Curricula.pdf | Introduce the concept of Ahargaṇa, and its significance; The basis for choice of epoch. | 24 | page=24,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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