16 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under wheat–rice (Oryza sativa) cropping sequence in Indo-Gangetic plains | The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, published by epubs.icar.org.in. Source-evidenced topics include sulphur fertilisation, wheat, triticum aestivum, rice, oryza sativa, indo-gangetic plains, icar-indian agricultural research institute, new delhi. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 9 factual, 4 list, 2 definition, 1 summary. 7 of the 16 pairs (43.8%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 9 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 16 question-and-answer pairs derived from a study on the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation in wheat under a wheat–rice cropping sequence in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Conducted during the winter seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, the experiment used a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and five sulphur levels (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg S/ha). The study found that sulphur application significantly enhanced growth attributes, yield, and monetary efficiency, with 30 kg S/ha identified as the most efficient rate for profitability and agronomic efficiency. The dataset includes factual, list, definition, and summary question types, providing detailed insights into the experimental outcomes and methodology.
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df = desidata.load("epubs-icar-org-in-e775607e60177b4a82a3099c97074ed5")
df.head()First 10 of 16 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What was the design of the experiment conducted to evaluate sulphur fertilisation on wheat in the wheat–rice cropping sequence? | randomised complete block design (RCBD) | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 424 | definition | 1.000 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What was the experimental design used in the sulphur fertilisation study? | randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 424 | definition | 1.000 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. | p[0] | |||
| What growth attributes were significantly enhanced by the application of sulphur in the experiment? | height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 654 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. | ||||
| What were the sulphur levels applied in the experiment? | 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 528 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. | p[0] | 0.700 | ||
| What were the sulphur levels tested in the experiment on wheat growth and yield? | 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 528 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. | p[0] | |||
| Which sulphur fertilisation rate was identified as the most efficient for growth, yield, and profitability? | 30 kg/ha | in 2024–25, 30 kg S/ha increased plant height by 10.6%, tillers by 66.6% and DMA by 80.7%. Physiological traits like LAI, SPAD and NDVI were also enhanced. LAI rose by 50.8% in 2023–24 and 53.0% in 2024–25 with 30 kg S/ha, while SPAD increased by 14.6% and 16.8% and NDVI by 17.7% and 20.2% over the control in respective years. Grain yield increased by 43% (2023–24) and 38.4% (2024–25) with 45 and 30 kg S/ha, respectively. Agronomic efficiency peaked at 30 kg S/ha in 2023–24 (56.3 kg grain/kg S) and 15 kg S/ha in 2024–25 (95.3 kg grain/kg S). Production efficiency increased by 42.9% in 2023–24 and 38.3% in 2024–25 with 45 and 30 kg S/ha over the control, respectively. Sulphur fertilisation at 30–45 kg/ha consistently improved growth, yield and profitability, with 30 kg/ha being the most efficient rate. Dawar K, Khan A A, Jahangir M M R, Mian I A and Khan B. 2022. | 773 | summary | 0.770 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | Sulphur fertilisation at 30–45 kg/ha consistently improved growth, yield and profitability, with 30 kg/ha being the most efficient rate. | p[0] | |||
| Which physiological traits were enhanced by sulphur fertilisation in 2024–25? | LAI, SPAD and NDVI | in 2024–25, 30 kg S/ha increased plant height by 10.6%, tillers by 66.6% and DMA by 80.7%. Physiological traits like LAI, SPAD and NDVI were also enhanced. LAI rose by 50.8% in 2023–24 and 53.0% in 2024–25 with 30 kg S/ha, while SPAD increased by 14.6% and 16.8% and NDVI by 17.7% and 20.2% over the control in respective years. Grain yield increased by 43% (2023–24) and 38.4% (2024–25) with 45 and 30 kg S/ha, respectively. Agronomic efficiency peaked at 30 kg S/ha in 2023–24 (56.3 kg grain/kg S) and 15 kg S/ha in 2024–25 (95.3 kg grain/kg S). Production efficiency increased by 42.9% in 2023–24 and 38.3% in 2024–25 with 45 and 30 kg S/ha over the control, respectively. Sulphur fertilisation at 30–45 kg/ha consistently improved growth, yield and profitability, with 30 kg/ha being the most efficient rate. Dawar K, Khan A A, Jahangir M M R, Mian I A and Khan B. 2022. | 117 | list | 0.740 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | Physiological traits like LAI, SPAD and NDVI were also enhanced. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What was the cropping sequence studied in the field experiment on sulphur fertilisation? | wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 200 | factual | 0.570 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. | ||||
| What were the seasons during which the sulphur fertilisation experiment was conducted? | winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 267 | factual | 0.570 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. | ||||
| Where was the field experiment on sulphur fertilisation conducted during the winter seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25? | Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was conducted in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications consisting of five sulphur levels, viz. 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg S/ha. Results showed that the application of sulphur significantly enhanced growth attributes such as height, tiller, dry matter accumulation (DMA), yield and monetary efficiency. In 2023–24, 45 kg S/ha improved plant height by 12.4%, tillers/m² by 59.7% and DMA by 80.2% over the control. | 319 | factual | 0.570 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/168298 | The present field experiment was aimed to study the agro-economic evaluation of sulphur fertilisation on growth attributes, yield, production and monetary efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in wheat–rice (Oryza sativaL.) cropping sequence conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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