590 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from the ICAR Annual Report 2023-24, published by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India. The source reports on agricultural research and development across crop improvement, livestock management, fisheries, soil and water productivity, farm mechanization, climate resilience, human resource development and social science research. It describes released crop varieties, genetic studies, experimental findings, management practices and their impact on farmers' livelihoods. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the report prints. Each row carries the passage the answer sits in, the character offset of the answer within that passage, the exact source quote, the page number and the location inside the document, so any row can be checked against the original PDF. 83 of the 590 pairs (14.1%) are explanatory questions — 31 definitions, 29 lists, 18 cause-and-effect relationships, 3 summaries and 2 comparisons — and 507 restate a figure. 97.46% of rows pass the corpus quality gate with zero blocking findings. The whole document was read: 265 of 265 sections, and 3,892 of 4,748 text blocks were used.
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
# Set DD_TOKEN in your environment first (create a free token in Profile & settings).
import desidata
df = desidata.load("car-annual-report-2023-24-question-answer-dataset")
df.head()First 10 of 590 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is ICAR's initiative in the field of robotics research? | a pioneering move that is set to revolutionize agriculture | ICAR’s forward- thinking approach promises to elevate fisheries to new heights, ensuring a sustainable and thriving industry. ICAR’s foray into robotics research is a pioneering move that is set to revolutionize agriculture. By pushing the boundaries of robotics in farming practices, ICAR is not only embracing innovation but also paving the way for a future where technology plays a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture. | 165 | definition | 1.000 | ICAR’s foray into robotics research is a pioneering move that is set to revolutionize agriculture. | 11 | page=11,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What distinguishes the current formulation from the existing product 'Kashi Sookshma-Shakti'? | an improvement over the existing product “Kashi Sookshma-Shakti” as it contains essential plant growth regulators (PGRs), besides micronutrient combinations | Accordingly, the best performing formulation (Micromix C) was named as ‘Kashi Sookshma-Shakti Plus’. The present formulation is an improvement over the existing product “Kashi Sookshma-Shakti” as it contains essential plant growth regulators (PGRs), besides micronutrient combinations. Drought stress tolerance in okra Natural farming of vegetables Under natural farming, there was reduction of 68.7% in curd yield in cauliflower and 67.4% in tomato as compared to organic farming. | 128 | definition | 1.000 | The present formulation is an improvement over the existing product “Kashi Sookshma-Shakti” as it contains essential plant growth regulators (PGRs), besides micronutrient combinations. | 91 | page=91,block=11 | 0.850 | valid |
| What purpose does the established cattle cut-off serve in guinea pigs? | used to establish the corresponding cut-off titre in guinea pigs for use as batch release assay | The results showed a positive correlation between antibody titre and protection against FMDV serotype O. The established cattle cut-off was used to establish the corresponding cut-off titre in guinea pigs for use as batch release assay. | 140 | definition | 1.000 | The established cattle cut-off was used to establish the corresponding cut-off titre in guinea pigs for use as batch release assay. | 103 | page=103,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is a standardized value that represents the colour characteristics of lac? | a commercially important quality parameter of lac which is a standardized numerical or categorical value that represents its colour characteristics | Lac Color Index Analyzer (LaCilyser): A portable, electronic, and hand-held device for lac colour index analysis has been developed based on the principle of colorimetry. The colour index is a commercially important quality parameter of lac which is a standardized numerical or categorical value that represents its colour characteristics. Colour index provides a simplified way to assess and communicate the colour properties of lac, allowing ease of comparison and specification compliance. | 191 | definition | 1.000 | The colour index is a commercially important quality parameter of lac which is a standardized numerical or categorical value that represents its colour characteristics. | 125 | page=125,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What process was used to evaluate the five combinations of jaggery-based kulfi? | carried out for above five combinations of jaggery based kulfi by using Fuzzy logic concept | Jaggery kulfi, Jaggery powder kulfi, Almond jaggery kulfi, Coconut jaggery Kulfi, Custard powder jaggery kulfi. Sensory evaluation was carried out for above five combinations of jaggery based kulfi by using Fuzzy logic concept. Hesperidin and pectin from immature droppings of kinnow The immature droppings of kinnow fruits (IDKF) previously considered as a farm waste, are now being considered of economic importance due to their phytochemical properties. | 135 | definition | 1.000 | Sensory evaluation was carried out for above five combinations of jaggery based kulfi by using Fuzzy logic concept. | 127 | page=127,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is considered a key contribution in many universities? | the E-content modules and Idea Labs in many universities | The educational technologies advents like the AR/VR gadgets and modules have been introduced. A seminal input is the E-content modules and Idea Labs in many universities. Among the 22 IDP-AUs Partners; GBPUAT, Pantnagar; and TNAU, Coimbatore showed their presence in world QS Ranking in Agriculture Category. | 113 | definition | 1.000 | A seminal input is the E-content modules and Idea Labs in many universities. | 149 | page=149,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the definition of dual frame surveys? | a special case of MF surveys considering two frames covering the entire population | Rescaling bootstrap technique for variance estimation in dual frame surveys: Multiple frames (MF) are preferably used when it is difficult to obtain a single sampling frame that covers the whole population. Dual frame (DF) surveys are a special case of MF surveys considering two frames covering the entire population. Unbiased variance estimation for estimation of various population parameters is difficult and complicated for multiple frame surveys as compared to sample from single frame. | 235 | definition | 1.000 | Dual frame (DF) surveys are a special case of MF surveys considering two frames covering the entire population. | 156 | page=156,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What role do millets play in the farming and diet systems of certain communities? | part of their farming and diet system and perceived that millets were economically viable and culturally acceptable | Socio- economic status of millet farmers in hilly and tribal area of Koraput, Odisha and Kolli hills, Tamil Nadu was found to be poor. Millets were part of their farming and diet system and perceived that millets were economically viable and culturally acceptable. However, lack of assured price in market and severe crops damage by wild animals and birds were major problems faced by them. | 148 | definition | 1.000 | Millets were part of their farming and diet system and perceived that millets were economically viable and culturally acceptable. | 166 | page=166,block=11 | 0.850 | valid |
| What were the hyperspectral sensors used for in relation to soil fertility? | used and evaluated for non-invasive rapid estimation of soil fertility attributes | This will accelerate the national soil health card programme by Government of India. Different hyperspectral sensors were used and evaluated for non-invasive rapid estimation of soil fertility attributes. The sensors used were spectroradiometer (VNIR-ASD) and JPL-NASA imaging sensor, i.e. | 122 | definition | 1.000 | Different hyperspectral sensors were used and evaluated for non-invasive rapid estimation of soil fertility attributes. | 175 | page=175,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of social network analysis in the context of farmers? | used to reveal the important sources as well as patterns of information access by farmers | Agricultural information network usage among hill farmers of north eastern Himalayan regions: The study aimed to delineate and analyse the configuration of information networks of farmers with respect to the acquisition of information in north eastern hill regions covering 320 vegetable growers. Social network analysis was used to reveal the important sources as well as patterns of information access by farmers. For male farmers, Block Agriculture Officer/ATMA had the highest degree centrality, followed by shopkeeper/ input dealer and State horticulture department. | 325 | definition | 1.000 | Social network analysis was used to reveal the important sources as well as patterns of information access by farmers. | 193 | page=193,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
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