12 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies, published by epubs.icar.org.in. Source-evidenced topics include integrated farming system (ifs), salt-affected ecologies, livelihood security, resource-poor farmers, icar-central soil salinity research institute, soil health, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emission. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 4 factual, 4 list, 2 summary, 1 comparison, 1 relationship. 8 of the 12 pairs (66.7%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 4 are factual or table-based questions. 91.67% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 12 question-and-answer pairs derived from a study on Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) in salt-affected ecologies, published by The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. The questions address topics such as carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and livelihood security for resource-poor farmers. The dataset highlights findings from a 2-hectare IFS model developed at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, and includes financial, environmental, and soil health analyses. The answers are verbatim excerpts from the source material, ensuring traceability to the original publication.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("epubs-icar-org-in-ade10ccd5ddcc154d042bfc875afb812")
df.head()First 10 of 12 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What factors make horizontal expansion of arable areas infeasible? | dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings | The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. An IFS model of 2 ha was designed covering three major components, namely, grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal and data from the year 2021–23 was considered for present study. | 67 | relationship | 0.970 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What actions are recommended to improve carbon sequestration in the Integrated Farming System? | more perennial trees should be planted in underutilized areas, especially along boundaries | A multi-dimensional analysis covering the financial (net present value, benefit: cost ratio and internal rate of return), soil health (total organic carbon and nitrogen) and environmental (carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission) parameters was carried out of an IFS model developed by ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The findings showed that IFS generates more net return i.e. Rs 66596 than conventional rice-wheat system of equivalent scale (2.0 ha). along with improved soil health, the IFS generated lesser (~13.25%) GHG emission as compared to the conventional rice-wheat system. To enhance carbon sequestration in the Integrated Farming System (IFS), more perennial trees should be planted in underutilized areas, especially along boundaries. This is vital for achieving net-zero emissions. | 699 | summary | 0.970 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | To enhance carbon sequestration in the Integrated Farming System (IFS), more perennial trees should be planted in underutilized areas, especially along boundaries. | ||||
| What is the goal of Integrated Farming Systems for farmers in degraded areas? | sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas | The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. An IFS model of 2 ha was designed covering three major components, namely, grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal and data from the year 2021–23 was considered for present study. | 291 | summary | 0.970 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What are the main components included in the 2 ha Integrated Farming Systems model at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute? | grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary | The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. An IFS model of 2 ha was designed covering three major components, namely, grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal and data from the year 2021–23 was considered for present study. | 462 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | An IFS model of 2 ha was designed covering three major components, namely, grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal and data from the year 2021–23 was considered for present study. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What financial parameters were analyzed in the IFS model? | net present value, benefit: cost ratio and internal rate of return | A multi-dimensional analysis covering the financial (net present value, benefit: cost ratio and internal rate of return), soil health (total organic carbon and nitrogen) and environmental (carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission) parameters was carried out of an IFS model developed by ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The findings showed that IFS generates more net return i.e. Rs 66596 than conventional rice-wheat system of equivalent scale (2.0 ha). along with improved soil health, the IFS generated lesser (~13.25%) GHG emission as compared to the conventional rice-wheat system. To enhance carbon sequestration in the Integrated Farming System (IFS), more perennial trees should be planted in underutilized areas, especially along boundaries. This is vital for achieving net-zero emissions. | 53 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | A multi-dimensional analysis covering the financial (net present value, benefit: cost ratio and internal rate of return), soil health (total organic carbon and nitrogen) and environmental (carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission) parameters was carried out of an IFS model developed by ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. | ||||
| What types of advantages can be gained from vertical expansion? | economic, environmental and social benefits | The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. An IFS model of 2 ha was designed covering three major components, namely, grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal and data from the year 2021–23 was considered for present study. | 162 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| Which indexing platforms include The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences? | Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, DOAJ. | This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4. International License. The copyright of the articles published inThe Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciencesis vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR. Print ISSN:0019-5022Online ISSN:2394-3319NAAS Rating (2026):6.7WoS Impact Factor (June 2026):0. Indexedin Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, DOAJ.Plagiarism checkby iThenticate.The work is licensed underAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4. | 727 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | Indexedin Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, DOAJ.Plagiarism checkby iThenticate.The work is licensed underAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4. | ||||
| What percentage reduction in greenhouse gas emissions does the IFS model achieve compared to the conventional rice-wheat system? | ~13.25% | A multi-dimensional analysis covering the financial (net present value, benefit: cost ratio and internal rate of return), soil health (total organic carbon and nitrogen) and environmental (carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission) parameters was carried out of an IFS model developed by ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The findings showed that IFS generates more net return i.e. Rs 66596 than conventional rice-wheat system of equivalent scale (2.0 ha). along with improved soil health, the IFS generated lesser (~13.25%) GHG emission as compared to the conventional rice-wheat system. To enhance carbon sequestration in the Integrated Farming System (IFS), more perennial trees should be planted in underutilized areas, especially along boundaries. This is vital for achieving net-zero emissions. | 554 | comparison | 0.720 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | along with improved soil health, the IFS generated lesser (~13.25%) GHG emission as compared to the conventional rice-wheat system. | p[0] | |||
| Who holds the copyright for articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences? | Indian Council of Agricultural Research | This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4. International License. The copyright of the articles published inThe Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciencesis vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR. Print ISSN:0019-5022Online ISSN:2394-3319NAAS Rating (2026):6.7WoS Impact Factor (June 2026):0. Indexedin Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, DOAJ.Plagiarism checkby iThenticate.The work is licensed underAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4. | 213 | factual | 0.570 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | The copyright of the articles published inThe Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciencesis vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. | ||||
| What is the NAAS Rating of The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences for the year 2026? | 6.7 | This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4. International License. The copyright of the articles published inThe Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciencesis vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR. Print ISSN:0019-5022Online ISSN:2394-3319NAAS Rating (2026):6.7WoS Impact Factor (June 2026):0. Indexedin Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, DOAJ.Plagiarism checkby iThenticate.The work is licensed underAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4. | 681 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570 | Print ISSN:0019-5022Online ISSN:2394-3319NAAS Rating (2026):6.7WoS Impact Factor (June 2026):0. | p[35] | 0.700 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| p[0] |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| p[0] |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| p[35] |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| p[35] |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |