13 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from A study on droplet deposition of nano DAP using unmanned aerial hybrid sprayer on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) crop | The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, published by epubs.icar.org.in. Source-evidenced topics include droplet deposition, nano dap, unmanned aerial hybrid sprayer, peanut crop, arachis hypogaea, tamil nadu agricultural university, dh-ag-h1, spray droplet deposition rate. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 11 factual, 1 list, 1 summary. 2 of the 13 pairs (15.4%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 11 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 13 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a study on the application of nano DAP using an unmanned aerial hybrid sprayer (UAV) on peanut crops at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during the kharif seasons of 2023 and 2024. The UAV model DH-AG-H1 was equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery, operating at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s. Key metrics assessed included droplet deposition rates, drift characteristics, and operational efficiency. The study highlights the UAV's role in sustainable agriculture by reducing fertilizer use, soil compaction, and chemical drift.
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df = desidata.load("epubs-icar-org-in-2c61e7e4a1f10e88b96562ab056d2d8b")
df.head()First 10 of 13 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What was the purpose of the experiment conducted during the rainy seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University? | to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. The UAV's performance was assessed across multiple parameters, including spray droplet deposition rate, droplet size distribution, density, area coverage, uniformity and drift characteristics. The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. Results showed that inkharif2023 season, droplet densities ranging from 35–76 drops/cm² in the target zone, with minimal horizontal drift (0–22 drops/cm²) and very low vertical drift (0–6 drops/cm²). | 138 | summary | 0.970 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What benefits of the UAV were highlighted in terms of sustainable agriculture? | reducing fertilizer use, soil compaction and chemical drift | Thekharif2024 season data indicated droplet densities from 31–70 drops/cm² in the target zone, with horizontal drift ranging from 0–20 drops/cm² and vertical drift from 0–14 drops/cm². The hybrid drone demonstrated VMD/NMD ratios from 1.02–1.66 and droplet densities between 31 and 76 drops/cm², indicating effective coverage with a diverse range of droplet sizes, from very fine to ultra-coarse. These results confirmed the UAV's precision in reducing fertilizer use, soil compaction and chemical drift, highlighting its efficiency in promoting sustainable agriculture. | 444 | list | 0.820 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | These results confirmed the UAV's precision in reducing fertilizer use, soil compaction and chemical drift, highlighting its efficiency in promoting sustainable agriculture. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What VMD/NMD ratios were demonstrated by the hybrid drone? | 1.02–1.66 | Thekharif2024 season data indicated droplet densities from 31–70 drops/cm² in the target zone, with horizontal drift ranging from 0–20 drops/cm² and vertical drift from 0–14 drops/cm². The hybrid drone demonstrated VMD/NMD ratios from 1.02–1.66 and droplet densities between 31 and 76 drops/cm², indicating effective coverage with a diverse range of droplet sizes, from very fine to ultra-coarse. These results confirmed the UAV's precision in reducing fertilizer use, soil compaction and chemical drift, highlighting its efficiency in promoting sustainable agriculture. | 235 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The hybrid drone demonstrated VMD/NMD ratios from 1.02–1.66 and droplet densities between 31 and 76 drops/cm², indicating effective coverage with a diverse range of droplet sizes, from very fine to ultra-coarse. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What forward speed did the UAV operate at during the experiment? | 3 m/s | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. The UAV's performance was assessed across multiple parameters, including spray droplet deposition rate, droplet size distribution, density, area coverage, uniformity and drift characteristics. The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. Results showed that inkharif2023 season, droplet densities ranging from 35–76 drops/cm² in the target zone, with minimal horizontal drift (0–22 drops/cm²) and very low vertical drift (0–6 drops/cm²). | 579 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What is the model of the UAV used in the experiment? | DH-AG-H1 | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. The UAV's performance was assessed across multiple parameters, including spray droplet deposition rate, droplet size distribution, density, area coverage, uniformity and drift characteristics. The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. Results showed that inkharif2023 season, droplet densities ranging from 35–76 drops/cm² in the target zone, with minimal horizontal drift (0–22 drops/cm²) and very low vertical drift (0–6 drops/cm²). | 251 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What range of droplet densities was observed in the target zone during the kharif 2024 season? | 31–70 drops/cm² | Thekharif2024 season data indicated droplet densities from 31–70 drops/cm² in the target zone, with horizontal drift ranging from 0–20 drops/cm² and vertical drift from 0–14 drops/cm². The hybrid drone demonstrated VMD/NMD ratios from 1.02–1.66 and droplet densities between 31 and 76 drops/cm², indicating effective coverage with a diverse range of droplet sizes, from very fine to ultra-coarse. These results confirmed the UAV's precision in reducing fertilizer use, soil compaction and chemical drift, highlighting its efficiency in promoting sustainable agriculture. | 59 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | Thekharif2024 season data indicated droplet densities from 31–70 drops/cm² in the target zone, with horizontal drift ranging from 0–20 drops/cm² and vertical drift from 0–14 drops/cm². | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What spray height was used by the UAV during the experiment? | 1 m | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. The UAV's performance was assessed across multiple parameters, including spray droplet deposition rate, droplet size distribution, density, area coverage, uniformity and drift characteristics. The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. Results showed that inkharif2023 season, droplet densities ranging from 35–76 drops/cm² in the target zone, with minimal horizontal drift (0–22 drops/cm²) and very low vertical drift (0–6 drops/cm²). | 552 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What was the battery capacity of the UAV used in the experiment? | 16,000 mAh | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. The UAV's performance was assessed across multiple parameters, including spray droplet deposition rate, droplet size distribution, density, area coverage, uniformity and drift characteristics. The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. Results showed that inkharif2023 season, droplet densities ranging from 35–76 drops/cm² in the target zone, with minimal horizontal drift (0–22 drops/cm²) and very low vertical drift (0–6 drops/cm²). | 301 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What was the capacity of the sprayer tank equipped on the UAV model DH-AG-H1? | 12 L | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. The UAV's performance was assessed across multiple parameters, including spray droplet deposition rate, droplet size distribution, density, area coverage, uniformity and drift characteristics. The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. Results showed that inkharif2023 season, droplet densities ranging from 35–76 drops/cm² in the target zone, with minimal horizontal drift (0–22 drops/cm²) and very low vertical drift (0–6 drops/cm²). | 277 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What was the operational efficiency achieved by the UAV during the experiment? | 4.11 ha/h | The experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2023 and 2024 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the application of nano DAP using a hybrid drone in groundnut (ArachishypogaeaL.) crops. The UAV, model DH-AG-H1, equipped with a 12 L sprayer tank and a 16,000 mAh battery. The UAV's performance was assessed across multiple parameters, including spray droplet deposition rate, droplet size distribution, density, area coverage, uniformity and drift characteristics. The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. Results showed that inkharif2023 season, droplet densities ranging from 35–76 drops/cm² in the target zone, with minimal horizontal drift (0–22 drops/cm²) and very low vertical drift (0–6 drops/cm²). | 624 | factual | 0.370 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/155906 | The UAV operated at a spray height of 1 m and a forward speed of 3 m/s, achieved an operational efficiency of 4.11 ha/h. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid |
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