9 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Early Achievements by Different Nations in Science | School Science, published by ejournals.ncert.gov.in. Source-evidenced topics include prof. nil ratan dhar, soil scientist, indian chemical society, western science, arithmetic, arabic culture, mathematics, medicine. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 4 list, 1 comparison, 1 definition, 1 factual, 1 relationship, 1 summary. 8 of the 9 pairs (88.9%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 1 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains nine extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from an NCERT article on early scientific achievements by various nations and cultures. It discusses contributions from figures like Prof. Nil Ratan Dhar, a soil scientist, and examines the roles of Indian, Chinese, Arabic, and Western traditions in shaping fields such as science, mathematics, medicine, and technology. The dataset includes diverse question types, such as definitions, comparisons, and summaries, with answers directly quoted from the source material.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ejournals-ncert-gov-in-98cf3615142a9ee5aa27ffad7687690d")
df.head()First 9 of 9 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is Nil Ratan Dhar? | a soil scientist, known for discovering thermal and photo-chemical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil | Published 2026-07-09 Prof. Nil Ratan Dhar was a soil scientist, known for discovering thermal and photo-chemical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. He served as a professor of soil science and chemistry at the University of Allahabad, and as the president of Indian Chemical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, India. | 46 | definition | 0.980 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | Nil Ratan Dhar was a soil scientist, known for discovering thermal and photo-chemical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. | p[0] | 0.850 | valid | |
| What role did Arabic culture play in scientific traditions? | a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. The article also discusses certain philosophers that made significant contribution in shaping the field of modern science. The paper points out that while Europe has had scientific development going on for over 500 years, India has had it for only 60 years, and thereby has a long way to go. | 30 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the article highlight about certain philosophers? | certain philosophers that made significant contribution in shaping the field of modern science | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. The article also discusses certain philosophers that made significant contribution in shaping the field of modern science. The paper points out that while Europe has had scientific development going on for over 500 years, India has had it for only 60 years, and thereby has a long way to go. | 250 | summary | 0.970 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | The article also discusses certain philosophers that made significant contribution in shaping the field of modern science. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the article say about the duration of scientific development in Europe compared to India? | Europe has had scientific development going on for over 500 years, India has had it for only 60 years | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. The article also discusses certain philosophers that made significant contribution in shaping the field of modern science. The paper points out that while Europe has had scientific development going on for over 500 years, India has had it for only 60 years, and thereby has a long way to go. | 378 | comparison | 0.920 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | The paper points out that while Europe has had scientific development going on for over 500 years, India has had it for only 60 years, and thereby has a long way to go. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What positions did Prof. Nil Ratan Dhar hold in scientific organizations? | president of Indian Chemical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, India | Published 2026-07-09 Prof. Nil Ratan Dhar was a soil scientist, known for discovering thermal and photo-chemical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. He served as a professor of soil science and chemistry at the University of Allahabad, and as the president of Indian Chemical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, India. Prof. Dhar has also received a nomination for the Nobel Prize four times. This article explores the early scientific achievements of different civilisations. It focuses on the contribution of Egyptian, Babylonian, Indus Valley, and Chinese cultures. The roots of western science and arithmetic are explored in the article. The paper also examines the transmission of scientific knowledge through traditions and the influence of different cultures on the progress of science. | 257 | list | 0.820 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | He served as a professor of soil science and chemistry at the University of Allahabad, and as the president of Indian Chemical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, India. | ||||
| Which cultures are discussed in the article for their early scientific achievements? | Egyptian, Babylonian, Indus Valley, and Chinese cultures | Published 2026-07-09 Prof. Nil Ratan Dhar was a soil scientist, known for discovering thermal and photo-chemical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. He served as a professor of soil science and chemistry at the University of Allahabad, and as the president of Indian Chemical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, India. Prof. Dhar has also received a nomination for the Nobel Prize four times. This article explores the early scientific achievements of different civilisations. It focuses on the contribution of Egyptian, Babylonian, Indus Valley, and Chinese cultures. The roots of western science and arithmetic are explored in the article. The paper also examines the transmission of scientific knowledge through traditions and the influence of different cultures on the progress of science. | 531 | list | 0.820 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | It focuses on the contribution of Egyptian, Babylonian, Indus Valley, and Chinese cultures. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What contributions did Indian and Chinese civilisations make to science? | mathematics, medicine, and technology | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. The article also discusses certain philosophers that made significant contribution in shaping the field of modern science. The paper points out that while Europe has had scientific development going on for over 500 years, India has had it for only 60 years, and thereby has a long way to go. | 184 | list | 0.740 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What fields did Indian and Chinese civilisations contribute to according to the article? | mathematics, medicine, and technology | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. The article also discusses certain philosophers that made significant contribution in shaping the field of modern science. The paper points out that while Europe has had scientific development going on for over 500 years, India has had it for only 60 years, and thereby has a long way to go. | 184 | list | 0.740 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | The role of Arabic culture as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific traditions is emphasised, along with the significant contributions of Indian and Chinese civilisations to mathematics, medicine, and technology. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| How many times was Nil Ratan Dhar nominated for the Nobel Prize? | four times | Published 2026-07-09 Prof. Nil Ratan Dhar was a soil scientist, known for discovering thermal and photo-chemical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. He served as a professor of soil science and chemistry at the University of Allahabad, and as the president of Indian Chemical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, India. Prof. Dhar has also received a nomination for the Nobel Prize four times. This article explores the early scientific achievements of different civilisations. It focuses on the contribution of Egyptian, Babylonian, Indus Valley, and Chinese cultures. The roots of western science and arithmetic are explored in the article. The paper also examines the transmission of scientific knowledge through traditions and the influence of different cultures on the progress of science. | 401 | factual | 0.490 | https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/SS/article/view/5279 | Dhar has also received a nomination for the Nobel Prize four times. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| p[0] |
| 0.700 |
| valid |