| What are the core aspects of the Zero Trust Security model? | based on three core aspects: verify every user, validate every device and transaction, and limit privileged access | The Zero Trust Security model is based on three core aspects: verify every user, validate every device and transaction, and limit privileged access. In this, every identity is authenticated and authorized before access is granted. | 33 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | The Zero Trust Security model is based on three core aspects: verify every user, validate every device and transaction, and limit privileged access. | 16 | page=16,block=8 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the process of recovering lost or corrupted data involve? | the process of recovering data that has been lost, erased, corrupted, or rendered unavailable | Data recovery is the process of recovering data that has been lost, erased, corrupted, or rendered unavailable. The data is recovered from a backup copy kept in a different location. | 17 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | Data recovery is the process of recovering data that has been lost, erased, corrupted, or rendered unavailable. | 15 | page=15,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What governs acceptable behavior while using digital devices? | a set of moral principles that govern an individual or a group on acceptable behaviour while using digital devices | Internet ethics are a set of moral principles that govern an individual or a group on acceptable behaviour while using digital devices. One should always be honest and respect the rights and privacy of others on the internet. | 20 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | Internet ethics are a set of moral principles that govern an individual or a group on acceptable behaviour while using digital devices. | 20 | page=20,block=18 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the first authentication element in two-factor authentication? | the password of the account | Two-factor authentication (2FA), sometimes also called ‘two-step verification’ or ‘dual-factor authentication,’ is a safety method wherein users get authentication elements to verify their identity before gaining access to an app, account, or email. First-factor authentication is the password of the account. The second authentication could either be the user's mobile number or a biometric factor, such as a fingerprint or face scan. | 281 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | First-factor authentication is the password of the account. | 76 | page=76,block=6 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of the Dark Web? | used to keep internet activity private and anonymous | The Dark Web is used to keep internet activity private and anonymous. It's a hidden collection of websites that can only be accessed with a specialized web browser, referred to as Tor, and it is not easily accessible through regular search engines like Google. | 16 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | The Dark Web is used to keep internet activity private and anonymous. | 13 | page=13,block=12 | 0.850 | valid |
| What provides a strategic framework for preparing, responding to, and recovering from a cyber crisis? | a plan that provides a strategic framework & guides actions to prepare for, respond to, and coordinate recovery from a cyber crisis | For combating cyber-attacks at the organizational level, the Government of India has developed an almost exhaustive template of a Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP), which could be implemented by all Central Government Ministries/Departments, State Governments, and their entities, and critical sectors. A Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP) is a plan that provides a strategic framework & guides actions to prepare for, respond to, and coordinate recovery from a cyber crisis. Each organization has to develop one CCMP plan, as it helps the organization to put in place mechanisms to effectively deal with cyber security crises and be able to pinpoint responsibilities and accountabilities right down to the individual level. | 346 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | A Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP) is a plan that provides a strategic framework & guides actions to prepare for, respond to, and coordinate recovery from a cyber crisis. | 103 |
| What term describes the intentional spread of misleading or biased information to support a propaganda agenda? | the deliberate dissemination of misleading or biased information, often rooted in distorted narratives or facts, to serve a propaganda agenda | Disinformation refers to the deliberate dissemination of misleading or biased information, often rooted in distorted narratives or facts, to serve a propaganda agenda. In contrast, misinformation is false information shared unintentionally, regardless of whether the intent is to deceive. | 25 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | Disinformation refers to the deliberate dissemination of misleading or biased information, often rooted in distorted narratives or facts, to serve a propaganda agenda. | 38 | page=38,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are smart contracts on a blockchain used for? | perform predefined business processes and complete a commercially/legally enforceable transaction without the requirement for a middleman | This prevents previous blocks from being changed, preventing duplicate spending, fraud, abuse, and transaction manipulation. • Smart Contracts: Stored procedures that run on a Blockchain to perform predefined business processes and complete a commercially/legally enforceable transaction without the requirement for a middleman. Due to several such advantages of blockchain, some teaching and training institutes have started issuing completion certificates on the blockchain. Such certificates are not just in soft copy but are also duly certified and tamper-proof. It leaves no scope for “fake degrees” or “fake mark sheets” and could be easily validated by job-providing agencies. | 190 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | • Smart Contracts: Stored procedures that run on a Blockchain to perform predefined business processes and complete a commercially/legally enforceable transaction without the requirement for a middleman. | 82 | page=82,block=0 |
| What are the methods used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to systems in cybercrime? | the paths or means by which an attacker gains unauthorised access to a computer system, network, or application | 8 A Handbook on Basics of Cyber Hygiene for Higher Education Institutions • Motives/Reasons: The motives for undertaking a cybercrime could be financial or for sheer amusement or to harass someone. Cyberattacks, generally, vary from an individual, organization, or nation by way of disruption of various services. • Attack Vectors: Attack vectors are the paths or means by which an attacker gains unauthorised access to a computer system, network, or application to exploit vulnerabilities and carry out a cyber attack. Attack vectors can take various forms and exploit different weaknesses in a system's defenses. Fig. 1. Threat landscape (Source: IIPA) | 351 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | • Attack Vectors: Attack vectors are the paths or means by which an attacker gains unauthorised access to a computer system, network, or application to exploit vulnerabilities and carry out a cyber attack. | 18 | page=18,block=0 | 0.700 |
| What authority is granted under Section 69 of the Information Technology Act? | to issue directives for the interception, monitoring, or decryption of any information transmitted through a computer resource | A Handbook on Basics of Cyber Hygiene for Higher Education Institutions 81 • Section 67B: This provision addresses the publication or transmission of content depicting children engaged in sexually explicit acts or behavior. It encompasses various activities such as creating, collecting, seeking, viewing, downloading, advertising, promoting, sharing, or distributing such content. The penalties for violations are stringent, with specific terms and conditions detailed further within the section. • Section 69: This section grants authority to issue directives for the interception, monitoring, or decryption of any information transmitted through a computer resource. • Section 69A: Under Section 69A of the IT Act, the Central Government or its authorized officials can block public access to any online information if it's necessary for national security, public order, or preventing crime. | 542 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.ugc.gov.in/e-book/A_Handbook_on_Basics_of_Cyber_Hygiene.pdf | • Section 69: This section grants authority to issue directives for the interception, monitoring, or decryption of any information transmitted through a computer resource. |