36 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Tables, Part-II, Vol-XVII, Punjab, published by censusindia.gov.in. The source is a 333-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include punjab, population, religion, literacy, occupation, languages, race, tribe. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 13 factual, 8 list, 7 summary, 5 relationship, 3 definition. 23 of the 36 pairs (63.9%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 13 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 36 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the 1931 Punjab Census publication. It covers topics such as population, religion, literacy, occupation, and territorial changes. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, allowing verification against the original text. The dataset includes explanatory, factual, and relationship-based questions, with 63.9% focusing on explanations. Examples include definitions of terms like 'Biloch Trans-Frontier' and details on territorial transfers caused by natural phenomena like alluvion and diluvion.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("censusindia-gov-in-9b0868393083381c6008ca90b541c23e")
df.head()First 10 of 36 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the 'Biloch Trans-Frontier' described as? | the hilly tract. across the border of the Dera Ghazi Khan District proper. | 4. The territorial transfers that have occurred sillce the last Census are :- (a) Inter-District transfers in the Ferozepore, Lahore, Sialkot, Sheikhu- pura, Montgomery, Lyallpur and Multan Districts. (b) A transfer of one square mile from Ferozepore District to Bikaner State. (c) A transfer of two square miles from Kangra District to Mandi S~ate. (d) A transfer of less than one square mile from Bulandshahr District - (U. P.) to Gurgaon District and vice versa, cau~ed by alluvion and diluvion. (e) A transfer of less than one square mile from Muzaffarnagar District (U. P.) to Karnal District caused by alluvion and diluvion. 5. In the ease of Indian States, the figures of 192 L have been repeated, as figures from Survey DepaTtment were rEceived too late for adoption. 6. " Biloch Trans-Frontier" is the hilly tract. across the border of the Dera Ghazi Khan District proper. | 807 | definition | 0.980 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | " Biloch Trans-Frontier" is the hilly tract. across the border of the Dera Ghazi Khan District proper. | 5 | page=5,block=7 | 0.700 | valid |
| How are Aryas and Brahmos classified in the figures? | included in those of Hindus | 1. In the case of :Municipalities with Oantonments or Civil Lines adjoining them, the whole area has been treated as a single town but separate figures have been given pelow the total in smaller type for the Municipalities, Oanton- ments, etc. 2. Persons returned under the head" Others" have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. 3. The abbreviations used in this Table are :- 1\JI.=1\Iunicipality. C. L.=Civil Lines. Cantt.=Oantonment. 4. The figures of Aryas and Brahmos have been included in those of Hindus. | 530 | relationship | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | The figures of Aryas and Brahmos have been included in those of Hindus. | 27 | page=27,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| What caused the territorial transfer between Muzaffarnagar District and Karnal District? | caused by alluvion and diluvion | 4. The territorial transfers that have occurred sillce the last Census are :- (a) Inter-District transfers in the Ferozepore, Lahore, Sialkot, Sheikhu- pura, Montgomery, Lyallpur and Multan Districts. (b) A transfer of one square mile from Ferozepore District to Bikaner State. (c) A transfer of two square miles from Kangra District to Mandi S~ate. (d) A transfer of less than one square mile from Bulandshahr District - (U. P.) to Gurgaon District and vice versa, cau~ed by alluvion and diluvion. (e) A transfer of less than one square mile from Muzaffarnagar District (U. P.) to Karnal District caused by alluvion and diluvion. 5. In the ease of Indian States, the figures of 192 L have been repeated, as figures from Survey DepaTtment were rEceived too late for adoption. 6. " Biloch Trans-Frontier" is the hilly tract. across the border of the Dera Ghazi Khan District proper. | 598 | relationship | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | P.) to Karnal District caused by alluvion and diluvion. | 5 | page=5,block=7 | ||
| What was the role of local officers in determining the classification of residential areas for the Census? | in correspondence with local officers before the Census | I. For Census purpose~ a town has been defined to include every Municipality, every Cantonment, all the Civil Linet> not included in municipal limits, and every other continuous collection of houses in1labited by not less than 5,000 persons, which though not a :.\Iuniripality possesses urban characteristics 2. 'rhe question whether a ('ollcrtior .. of re~:dential houses should 0':- should not be classed under the last ca~egory wa~ determinerl hy t11C Superin- tendent of Census Operations in correspondence with local officers before the Census with reference to the probable pupulation nnd. (1onseguelltly in ma.1Y cases the limit of 5,000 wag not rea(1hed. On the other hand many pIa 'es with more than 5,000 inhabitantfl were omitted as they had not urban characterjsties. | 493 | relationship | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | of re~:dential houses should 0':- should not be classed under the last ca~egory wa~ determinerl hy t11C Superin- tendent of Census Operations in correspondence with local officers before the Census with reference to the probable pupulation nnd. | ||||
| How are municipalities with cantonments or civil lines adjoining them treated in the data? | the whole area has been treated as a single town | 1. In the case of :Municipalities with Oantonments or Civil Lines adjoining them, the whole area has been treated as a single town but separate figures have been given pelow the total in smaller type for the Municipalities, Oanton- ments, etc. 2. Persons returned under the head" Others" have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. 3. The abbreviations used in this Table are :- 1\JI.=1\Iunicipality. C. L.=Civil Lines. Cantt.=Oantonment. 4. The figures of Aryas and Brahmos have been included in those of Hindus. | 82 | summary | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | In the case of :Municipalities with Oantonments or Civil Lines adjoining them, the whole area has been treated as a single town but separate figures have been given pelow the total in smaller type for the Municipalities, Oanton- ments, etc. | 27 | page=27,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| How is the area treated when municipalities have cantonments or civil lines adjoining them? | the whole area has been treated as a single town | 1. In the case of :Municipalities with Oantonments or Civil Lines adjoining them, the whole area has been treated as a single town but separate figures have been given pelow the total in smaller type for the Municipalities, Oanton- ments, etc. 2. Persons returned under the head" Others" have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. 3. The abbreviations used in this Table are :- 1\JI.=1\Iunicipality. C. L.=Civil Lines. Cantt.=Oantonment. 4. The figures of Aryas and Brahmos have been included in those of Hindus. | 82 | summary | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | In the case of :Municipalities with Oantonments or Civil Lines adjoining them, the whole area has been treated as a single town but separate figures have been given pelow the total in smaller type for the Municipalities, Oanton- ments, etc. | 27 | page=27,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| How were villages with homesteads lying in one block treated during enumeration? | treated as a single unit | For the purpoRes of India Tables, figures of Cantonments are shown in smaller type in the proper dass, and this accounts for an excess of 12 in the number of cities, towns and villages in this Table as compared with Table I, in which the 12 Cantonments adjoining towns and cities, are shown as forming part {}± them. Civil Lines have been included 'n towns which they adjoin except two (Hidayatpur Chhauni and Sanawar), whieh are isolated units. 3. Villages, whose homesteads lie in one block so that no line can be drawn to distinguish the population of llne village from that of the- other, were at the time of enumeration treated as a single unit. In compilation, however, the total population of such villages has been divided equally between the component villages and each village treated as a separate unit. 4. | 625 | summary | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | Villages, whose homesteads lie in one block so that no line can be drawn to distinguish the population of llne village from that of the- other, were at the time of enumeration treated as a single unit. | 15 | |||
| What does Table II include about districts and tahsils? | Population of Distriets and Tahsils by Religion and Literacy | Tribe or Caste XVIII Variation of Population of Selected Tribes XIX Europeans and Allied Races and Anglo-Indians by Race and Age PROV1X('fA~, TABLES. I Area and Population of Tahsils II Population of Distriets and Tahsils by Religion and Literacy Page. | 186 | summary | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | I Area and Population of Tahsils II Population of Distriets and Tahsils by Religion and Literacy Page. | 3 | page=3,block=13 | 0.700 | valid |
| What happens to persons classified under the head 'Others' in the data? | have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. | 1. In the case of :Municipalities with Oantonments or Civil Lines adjoining them, the whole area has been treated as a single town but separate figures have been given pelow the total in smaller type for the Municipalities, Oanton- ments, etc. 2. Persons returned under the head" Others" have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. 3. The abbreviations used in this Table are :- 1\JI.=1\Iunicipality. C. L.=Civil Lines. Cantt.=Oantonment. 4. The figures of Aryas and Brahmos have been included in those of Hindus. | 288 | summary | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | Persons returned under the head" Others" have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. 3. | 27 | page=27,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| What happens to persons returned under the head 'Others'? | elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI | 1. In the case of :Municipalities with Oantonments or Civil Lines adjoining them, the whole area has been treated as a single town but separate figures have been given pelow the total in smaller type for the Municipalities, Oanton- ments, etc. 2. Persons returned under the head" Others" have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. 3. The abbreviations used in this Table are :- 1\JI.=1\Iunicipality. C. L.=Civil Lines. Cantt.=Oantonment. 4. The figures of Aryas and Brahmos have been included in those of Hindus. | 298 | summary | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32421/download/35602/42398_1931_TAB.pdf | Persons returned under the head" Others" have been elassified and thrown into religions as noted on the title page 0'£ Table XVI. | 27 | page=27,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 19 |
| page=19,block=3 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| page=15,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |