472 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Portrait of Population, published by censusindia.gov.in. The source is a 146-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include jammu & kashmir, 1971 census, population growth, sex ratio, literacy, religions, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 323 factual, 56 list, 40 relationship, 25 summary, 15 comparison, 13 definition. 149 of the 472 pairs (31.6%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 323 are factual or table-based questions. 96.61% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 472 question-and-answer pairs derived from the 'Portrait of Population,' a publication based on the 1971 Indian Census. The questions cover topics such as literacy, population growth, sex ratio, and the distribution of scheduled castes and tribes, with a focus on Jammu & Kashmir. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source, ensuring accuracy and traceability. The dataset highlights key demographic and social statistics, including literacy rates, urbanization trends, and the impact of agrarian reforms.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("censusindia-gov-in-593b6936622a287c71f4c55146558d5c")
df.head()First 10 of 472 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the Central group in terms of language speakers? | the next important group in which Dogri Claims the largest number of speakers (1,139,259) followed by Gojri (330,485), Punjabi (158,418), Hindi (42,470) and Urdu (12,740) | Other important langu- ag~s jn this group are Siraji (29,246), Kishtwari (12,163) and Shina (9,901). The Central group is the next important group in which Dogri Claims the largest number of speakers (1,139,259) followed by Gojri (330,485), Punjabi (158,418), Hindi (42,470) and Urdu (12,740). In the Pahari group, the most important languages are Pahari (247,634), Bhaderwahi (40,009), Padari (7,762), Bharmauri/ Gaddi (3,056) and Gorkhali (2,588). | 122 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | The Central group is the next important group in which Dogri Claims the largest number of speakers (1,139,259) followed by Gojri (330,485), Punjabi (158,418), Hindi (42,470) and Urdu (12,740). | 79 | page=79,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What did Laleshwari and Sheikh Noor-ud-Din establish during their time? | a new order of Rishis | The fame of MuHa Tahir Gani, a local poet, who wrote in Persian travelled to Iran where the excellence and sweetness of his verse became an object of envy of leading scholars of the court. Laleshwari, Shaivite by thought, and Sheikh Noor- ud-Din, a Muslim by faith, emerged in this period to found a new order of Rishis who preached oneneSs of religions and universal brotherhood of man. Then dark days fell on the State for a long [stretch (1750-1880 A.D.) characterised by oppression and tyranny. It simply faded into the background, making no worthwhile contri- bution to the store-house of knowledge or culture. the old flame of Kashmir's intellect was all but snuffed. it again came into 12 A PORTRAIT OF POPULATION' | 298 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | Laleshwari, Shaivite by thought, and Sheikh Noor- ud-Din, a Muslim by faith, emerged in this period to found a new order of Rishis who preached oneneSs of religions and universal brotherhood of man. | 22 | page=22,block=0 | 0.700 | |
| What is the reason for discussing scheduled castes and tribes separately? | constituting the weaker sections of our population and treated as 'untou~ chables' in the past | The need for discussing separately the parti- culars of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes arises from the fact ihat constituting the weaker sections of our population and treated as 'untou~ chables' in the past, one would like to know_in what manner they have benefited from the vigorous effort launched since independence to bring about their amelioration in the social and economic fields. Fortunately, untouchability does not exist among Muslims which is the reali)on why in Jammu & Kash~ mir, in which the majority consists of Muslims, the problem has not assumed such serious proportions as in other parts of the country. Sched uled tribes are conspicuous by their absence in our State and only the following castes were recognised as sche- duled castes under the President's Scheduled Castes Order -of 1956 in accordance with Article 341 of the Constimtion of India in our State; 1. | 120 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | The need for discussing separately the parti- culars of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes arises from the fact ihat constituting the weaker sections of our population and treated as 'untou~ chables' in the past, one would like to know_in what manner they have benefited from the vigorous effort launched since independence to bring about their amelioration in the social and economic fields. | ||||
| What is Punjabi PunJabi? | the mother-tongue of 158,418 persons of the State | These districts jointly account for 147,076 or 59 % of its speakers in the State as· a whole. Punjabi PunJabi is the mother-tongue of 158,418 persons of the State. In 1961, the language was spoken by only 109,174 persons. | 113 | definition | 0.980 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | Punjabi PunJabi is the mother-tongue of 158,418 persons of the State. | 82 | page=82,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is worker? | a person whose main activity is participation in any economically productive work by his physical or mental activity | For this purpose, the popUlation is divided into two broad groups-workers and non-workers. A worker is a person whose main activity is participation in any economically productive work by his physical or mental activity. Work involves not only actual work but effective supervision or direction of work. | 103 | definition | 0.980 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | A worker is a person whose main activity is participation in any economically productive work by his physical or mental activity. | 105 | page=105,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| Who are treated as non-workers? | Such of the persons who do not come under the definition of worker | Broadly speaking, workers have been divided into the following nine industrial categories: r: Cultivation; J[: Agricultural labour ~ III: Livestock, fQrestry, fishing, hunting and planta- tions, orchards and allied activities; IV: Mining and quarrying; V: Manufacturing, processing, . servicing and repairs (a) household industry (b) other than household industry; VI: Cons- truction; VII: Trade and commerce; VIII: Transport, storage and communications; IX: Other serVIces. Such of the persons who do not come under the definition of worker have been treated as non- workers. They include all those not engaged in A PORTRAlT OF POPULATION 85 | 475 | definition | 0.980 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | servicing and repairs (a) household industry (b) other than household industry; VI: Cons- truction; VII: Trade and commerce; VIII: Transport, storage and communications; IX: Other serVIces. Such of the persons who do not come under the definition of worker have been treated as non- workers. | 105 | page=105,block=2 | 0.700 | |
| Why is Doda the stronghold of bakerwals and· graziers who settle in this district in winter? | the non-availability of grazing facilities in high altitudes of the State | In this case also, the participation rate is the highest in Dada at 23 per 1,000 females inhabiting the district. Doda is the stronghold of bakerwals and· graziers who settle in this district in winter due to the non-availability of grazing facilities in high altitudes of the State. The district is also rich in forest wealth. | 209 | relationship | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | Doda is the stronghold of bakerwals and· graziers who settle in this district in winter due to the non-availability of grazing facilities in high altitudes of the State. | 112 | page=112,block=0 | 0.800 | valid |
| How does the State's cultural set-up represent a synthesis of different streams? | a synthesis of the predominantly Tibeto-Himalayan and Aryan streams with many off-shoots representing local dialects | Taking the three dominant mother-tongues spoken in the three regions of the State-Ladakhi, Kashmiri and Dogri-as a guide, we notice that the State's cultural set-up represents a synthesis of the predominantly Tibeto-Himalayan and Aryan streams with many off-shoots representing local dialects. | 176 | relationship | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | Taking the three dominant mother-tongues spoken in the three regions of the State-Ladakhi, Kashmiri and Dogri-as a guide, we notice that the State's cultural set-up represents a synthesis of the predominantly Tibeto-Himalayan and Aryan streams with many off-shoots representing local dialects. | 79 | page=79,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are the reasons for the disproportionate literacy ratios between males and females? | the social inequality of the two sexes and the prejudice against the edu- cation of females | Literacy of Anantnag to 45.27% of Jammu. The reasons for the inordinately disproportionate ratios bet- ween the two sexes are due to the social inequality of the two sexes and the prejudice against the edu- cation of females. The gap is, however, narrowing down rapidly and females have been showing a . significant increase in their literacy rates when compared with those of the previous decades. | 133 | relationship | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | The reasons for the inordinately disproportionate ratios bet- ween the two sexes are due to the social inequality of the two sexes and the prejudice against the edu- cation of females. | 78 | page=78,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What caused the river Jhelum to experience a high flood in 1951? | Early melting of snows, followed by excessive rains | Can you imagine. that on occasions old census reports can come handy even in fighting a flood? This is wh~t came to pass in our State during the flouds of 1951. Early melting of snows, followed by excessive rains, brought about a high· flood in the river lhelum which flows through th~ middle of Srinagar. The bunds protecting the city were in good she-lpe and all was expected to be well. But as night was falling, a crack appeared near the IOO-bed h:)spital, then homing the Jammu & Ka~hmir Archives. An alert was sou'lded. All hands were 500n on the spot to repair the d'lmage. Un- fortunately, sandbags were mUlling short; th~ bund under gre::tt pre~sure started giving way. It was indeed a critical situation and the evacuation of the p:Jpu1ation was considered. | 161 | relationship | 0.970 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31512/download/34693/26782_1971_POR.pdf | that on occasions old census reports can come handy even in fighting a flood? This is wh~t came to pass in our State during the flouds of 1951. Early melting of snows, followed by excessive rains, brought about a high· flood in the river lhelum which flows through th~ middle of Srinagar. |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| valid |
| 97 |
| page=97,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
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| 11 |
| page=11,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
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