| With which institution are A. K. Handa, A. Arunachalam, Priyanka Singh, and Asha Ram affiliated? | 1ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284 003 | 1ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284 003
2Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 | 0 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | 1ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284 003 | 1 | [{"evidence_id":"B000003","location":{"page":1,"block":3,"bbox":[54.35,186.41,541.64,200.81],"column":null,"reading_order":3}},{"evidence_id":"B000004","location":{"page":1,"block":4,"bbox":[121.16,205.94,486.8,231.17],"column":1,"reading_order":4}}] | 1.0 | valid |
| Where is Chhavi Sirohi affiliated? | 2Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 | 1ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284 003
2Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 | 77 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | 2Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 | 1 | [{"evidence_id":"B000003","location":{"page":1,"block":3,"bbox":[54.35,186.41,541.64,200.81],"column":null,"reading_order":3}},{"evidence_id":"B000004","location":{"page":1,"block":4,"bbox":[121.16,205.94,486.8,231.17],"column":1,"reading_order":4}}] | 1.0 | valid |
| What is agroforestry? | Agroforestry is a land-use system based on integration of trees, crops and/or livestock on the same
piece of land to enhance productivity as well as resilience of farmlands and to deliver various vital
ecological services. | Agroforestry is a land-use system based on integration of trees, crops and/or livestock on the same
piece of land to enhance productivity as well as resilience of farmlands and to deliver various vital
ecological services. Based on this, it can act as a promising and potential land-based transformation
solution with several co-benefits. Adoption of agroforestry can enhance farmers’ income, increase
green cover, besides natural resource conservation, production of forest based raw-materials, rural
development and scalability - all at the same time from same land areas with different degrees.
Agroforestry is an ideal option to restore most of the degraded and wastelands in the country.
The potential of agroforestry is more important for rainfed areas due to various vulnerable factors
associated with predominant sole cropping systems. | 0 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | Agroforestry is a land-use system based on integration of trees, crops and/or livestock on the same
piece of land to enhance productivity as well as resilience of farmlands and to deliver various vital
ecological services. |
| When did India announce the National Agroforestry Policy? | 2014 | NDIA is the first country in the world to formulate
and announce the National Agroforestry Policy
(in
2014),
focusing
on
enhancing
productivity,
profitability, diversity and ecosystem sustainability
through promotion of agroforestry. Agroforestry can
simultaneously address many ecological challenges of
the current era viz. food, nutrition, energy, employment,
natural resources and environmental security. It
includes both traditional and modern land use systems.
The characteristic features of agroforestry through
integration and optimisation of the interactions of the
components of agroforestry can lead to improvements
in the soil quality, greater vegetation and tree cover,
and also address the mitigation and adaptation needs of
managing climate change, along with many social and
economic gains in the long term. The research efforts of
ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute (CAFRI)
and All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP)
on Agroforestry have successfully developed and
demonstrated various suitable agroforestry models. The
farmers are being encouraged to adopt these models
and technologies suitable for reducing environmental
impacts without negatively affecting the profitability
and
productivity.
These
successful
agroforestry
models provided numerous evidences regarding
socio-economic benefits and ecological outcomes of
agroforestry interventions, specifically fo |
| With which institution is Chhavi Sirohi affiliated? | Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 | 1ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284 003
2Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 | 78 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | 2Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004 | 1 | [{"evidence_id":"B000003","location":{"page":1,"block":3,"bbox":[54.35,186.41,541.64,200.81],"column":null,"reading_order":3}},{"evidence_id":"B000004","location":{"page":1,"block":4,"bbox":[121.16,205.94,486.8,231.17],"column":1,"reading_order":4}}] | 1.0 | valid |
| How does the integration of trees in crop lands benefit the soil? | Integration of trees in crop lands helps in improving soil
bio-physico-chemical processes. | Integration of trees in crop lands helps in improving soil
bio-physico-chemical processes. Trees generally have
their roots well below the crop zone, use nutrients from
the lower soil layers, resulting in increased nutrient-
and water-use efficiency with least competition with
crops. The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. Accordingly, it leads
to improved N-use efficiencies and fewer N losses to
the environment. Reducing runoff and water erosion
with conservation agriculture in agroforestry result in
lower transport of sediments, nutrients and pesticides/
herbicides and higher water quality. | 0 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | Integration of trees in crop lands helps in improving soil
bio-physico-chemical processes. | 2 | [{"evidence_id":"B000015","location":{"page":2,"block":1,"bbox":[45.35,241.17,294.16,410.59],"column":0,"reading_order":1}}] |
| What is the effect of tree roots being well below the crop zone? | Trees generally have
their roots well below the crop zone, use nutrients from
the lower soil layers, resulting in increased nutrient-
and water-use efficiency with least competition with
crops. | Integration of trees in crop lands helps in improving soil
bio-physico-chemical processes. Trees generally have
their roots well below the crop zone, use nutrients from
the lower soil layers, resulting in increased nutrient-
and water-use efficiency with least competition with
crops. The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. Accordingly, it leads
to improved N-use efficiencies and fewer N losses to
the environment. Reducing runoff and water erosion
with conservation agriculture in agroforestry result in
lower transport of sediments, nutrients and pesticides/
herbicides and higher water quality. | 91 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | Trees generally have
their roots well below the crop zone, use nutrients from
the lower soil layers, resulting in increased nutrient-
and water-use efficiency with least competition with
crops. |
| What impact do agroforestry practices of residue retention and zero tillage have on soil? | The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. | Integration of trees in crop lands helps in improving soil
bio-physico-chemical processes. Trees generally have
their roots well below the crop zone, use nutrients from
the lower soil layers, resulting in increased nutrient-
and water-use efficiency with least competition with
crops. The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. Accordingly, it leads
to improved N-use efficiencies and fewer N losses to
the environment. Reducing runoff and water erosion
with conservation agriculture in agroforestry result in
lower transport of sediments, nutrients and pesticides/
herbicides and higher water quality. | 285 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. |
| How do agroforestry practices affect erosion and runoff? | The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. | Integration of trees in crop lands helps in improving soil
bio-physico-chemical processes. Trees generally have
their roots well below the crop zone, use nutrients from
the lower soil layers, resulting in increased nutrient-
and water-use efficiency with least competition with
crops. The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. Accordingly, it leads
to improved N-use efficiencies and fewer N losses to
the environment. Reducing runoff and water erosion
with conservation agriculture in agroforestry result in
lower transport of sediments, nutrients and pesticides/
herbicides and higher water quality. | 285 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. |
| How do agroforestry practices of residue retention and zero tillage affect the top soil? | The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. | Integration of trees in crop lands helps in improving soil
bio-physico-chemical processes. Trees generally have
their roots well below the crop zone, use nutrients from
the lower soil layers, resulting in increased nutrient-
and water-use efficiency with least competition with
crops. The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. Accordingly, it leads
to improved N-use efficiencies and fewer N losses to
the environment. Reducing runoff and water erosion
with conservation agriculture in agroforestry result in
lower transport of sediments, nutrients and pesticides/
herbicides and higher water quality. | 285 | factual | 1.0 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/download/163892/59172/452085 | The agroforestry practices of residue retention,
zero tillage increase SOM in the top soil which in
turn, impact soil physical properties and processes
that reduce erosion and runoff. |