383 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Carnation Book 5-04-2010 Front pages.pmd, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The source is a 62-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include carnation, dianthus caryophyllus, caryophyllaceae, tamil nadu agricultural university, dr. p. murugesa boopathi, m. jawaharlal, m. ganga, r. padmadevi. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 178 factual, 76 list, 51 relationship, 34 summary, 20 definition, 20 table, 4 comparison. 185 of the 383 pairs (48.3%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 198 are factual or table-based questions. 98.69% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 383 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a technical guide on carnation cultivation published by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU). The dataset covers topics such as plant diseases, pest management, cultivation practices, and the therapeutic uses of carnations. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability to the original publication. The dataset includes various question types, such as factual, list, and relationship-based queries, providing insights into the scientific and practical aspects of carnation farming.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("agritech-tnau-ac-in-89609247ba42ad43843913de2b2a534c")
df.head()First 10 of 383 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What does the process of Calyx banding involve? | the practice of placing a rubber band or plastic tape around the calyx of the flower bud when it just begins to open | This disorder can be minimized by calyx banding. Calyx banding is the practice of placing a rubber band or plastic tape around the calyx of the flower bud when it just begins to open. Disbudding | 66 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Calyx banding is the practice of placing a rubber band or plastic tape around the calyx of the flower bud when it just begins to open. | 40 | page=40,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of seed propagation seeds? | used for crop improvement programme and for raising annual types | a. Seed propagation Seeds are used for crop improvement programme and for raising annual types. Seeds are sown during July-August Carnation under polyhouse | 30 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Seed propagation Seeds are used for crop improvement programme and for raising annual types. | 24 | page=24,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the role of Training Training in carnation cultivation? | a very important and continuous operation in carnation cultivation | Special operations a. Training Training is a very important and continuous operation in carnation cultivation. This operation helps in keeping the plants within the specified area in the net to grow straight without bending at the bottom. | 43 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Training Training is a very important and continuous operation in carnation cultivation. | 37 | page=37,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What kind of issue does Calyx banding Calyx splitting cause in carnations? | a physiological disorder in carnation affecting the flower quality | e. Calyx banding Calyx splitting is a physiological disorder in carnation affecting the flower quality. This disorder can be minimized by calyx banding. | 36 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Calyx banding Calyx splitting is a physiological disorder in carnation affecting the flower quality. | 40 | page=40,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What type of pathogen is Pseudomonas, and how can its disease incidence be minimized? | a soil borne pathogen and hence soil sterilization and use of disease free planting material will minimize the disease incidence | Leaves of the affected plants look dull and greyish green and then turn yellow and finally die. Pseudomonas is a soil borne pathogen and hence soil sterilization and use of disease free planting material will minimize the disease incidence. Bacterial wilt infected plant Butt rot This disease (caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani) affects the plants at the soil line causing wilting and yellowing of foliage followed by death of plants. | 111 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Pseudomonas is a soil borne pathogen and hence soil sterilization and use of disease free planting material will minimize the disease incidence. | 47 | page=47,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What condition in carnations affects flower quality and is known as calyx splitting? | a physiological disorder in carnation affecting the flower quality | c. Deshooting Unwanted secondary shoots on the flowering stems are removed when they are about 2-3 cm long. d. Disbudding Disbudding is practiced in standard and spray or miniature carnations. In standard carnations, disbudding is practiced for getting good quality flowers. The axillary / lateral buds are removed just after appearance, without damaging the leaves and stems. Usually those axillary buds about six nodes below the terminal flower buds are removed to encourage the development of the main flower bud. In spray or miniature carnations, the main flower bud (terminal bud) is removed to encourage the lateral flower buds to develop. e. Calyx banding Calyx splitting is a physiological disorder in carnation affecting the flower quality. This disorder can be minimized by calyx banding. | 682 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Calyx banding Calyx splitting is a physiological disorder in carnation affecting the flower quality. | 40 | page=40,block=1 | 0.700 | |
| What does the term 'grassiness' refer to in plants? | failure of plants to produce flowers | b. Sleepiness Sleepiness causes huge post harvest losses in cut carnation. It occurs due to exposure of flowers to ethylene or water stress. Also, the incidence of sleepiness has been found to be higher when the flowers are stored for a longer period or when they are exposed to high temperature. Spraying of STS 0.4 mM before harvesting the flowers will correct this disorder. c. Grassiness Grassiness refers to failure of plants to produce flowers. This is a genetic disorder which varies from variety to variety. Removal and destruction of affected plants is the only way of correcting this disorder. d. Slabside This disorder refers to uneven opening of flower buds resulting in the petals protruding on one side only, giving an asymmetrical and lopsided shape to the flower. It is common during cooler periods. This can be overcome by gradually increasing the temperature to optimum level. e. | 413 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Grassiness Grassiness refers to failure of plants to produce flowers. | 51 | page=51,block=1 | ||
| What is the characteristic feature of the disorder called slabside in flowers? | uneven opening of flower buds resulting in the petals protruding on one side only, giving an asymmetrical and lopsided shape to the flower | b. Sleepiness Sleepiness causes huge post harvest losses in cut carnation. It occurs due to exposure of flowers to ethylene or water stress. Also, the incidence of sleepiness has been found to be higher when the flowers are stored for a longer period or when they are exposed to high temperature. Spraying of STS 0.4 mM before harvesting the flowers will correct this disorder. c. Grassiness Grassiness refers to failure of plants to produce flowers. This is a genetic disorder which varies from variety to variety. Removal and destruction of affected plants is the only way of correcting this disorder. d. Slabside This disorder refers to uneven opening of flower buds resulting in the petals protruding on one side only, giving an asymmetrical and lopsided shape to the flower. It is common during cooler periods. This can be overcome by gradually increasing the temperature to optimum level. e. | 640 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | Slabside This disorder refers to uneven opening of flower buds resulting in the petals protruding on one side only, giving an asymmetrical and lopsided shape to the flower. | ||||
| What is the meaning associated with striped carnations? | regret that a love cannot be shared | White carnations represent pure love and good luck; striped carnations symbolize regret that a love cannot be shared. Green carnations are used as a secret gay code, while purple carnations indicate capriciousness. In French culture, carnations symbolize misfortune and bad luck. It is a traditional funeral flower in France, given in condolence for the death of a loved one. The flower petals of carnation are candied, used as a garnish in salads and for flavouring fruit, fruit salads, etc. They are also used as a substitute for rose petals in making syrup after removing the bitter white base. Carnations are commercially utilized for extraction of perfume in France and the Netherlands. The volatile oil of carnation contains | 81 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | White carnations represent pure love and good luck; striped carnations symbolize regret that a love cannot be shared. | 7 | page=7,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the origin of the genus name 'Dianthus'? | ‘dios’ meaning ‘God’ or ‘divine’ and ‘anthos’ meaning ‘flower’ | Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one among the most popular commercial cut flowers of the world, ranking second in commercial importance next only to rose. Carnation is preferred to roses and chrysanthemums by several exporting countries, on account of its excellent keeping quality, wide range of forms and colours and ability to withstand long distance transportation. Cut carnations, roses and chrysanthemums contribute close to 50% of the world cut flower trade. Carnation belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae. The genus name ‘Dianthus’ is derived from the Greek words ‘dios’ meaning ‘God’ or ‘divine’ and ‘anthos’ meaning ‘flower’ and hence known as ‘Divine Flower’. The species name ‘caryophyllus’ is derived from the Greek word ‘caryan’ meaning ‘nut’ and ‘phyllon’ meaning ‘leaf’. | 581 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/A%20Technical%20Guide%20On%20Carnation.pdf | The genus name ‘Dianthus’ is derived from the Greek words ‘dios’ meaning ‘God’ or ‘divine’ and ‘anthos’ meaning ‘flower’ and hence known as ‘Divine Flower’. | 6 | page=6,block=2 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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