277 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from AESA based IPM Curry leaf (final 26-02-2014), published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The source is a 51-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include aesa based ipm, integrated pest management, ecological engineering, chemical pesticides, biointensive strategies, economic threshold level, pest management, plant protection. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 162 factual, 47 summary, 33 list, 19 relationship, 14 definition, 2 comparison. 115 of the 277 pairs (41.5%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 162 are factual or table-based questions. 98.19% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 277 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the AESA-based Integrated Pest Management (IPM) publication for curry leaf, dated February 26, 2014. The questions cover topics such as ecological engineering, pest management strategies, and plant protection methods. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, which spans 51 pages. The dataset includes various question types, such as factual, summary, list, and relationship-based queries, with explanatory questions making up 41.5% of the total. The dataset is designed to provide detailed insights into sustainable agricultural practices and pest control methods.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("agritech-tnau-ac-in-c4d3dc0e6c78d2926a4d852f342510de")
df.head()First 10 of 277 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the purpose of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)? | a globally accepted strategy for promoting sustainable agriculture | There is a growing awareness world over on the need for promoting environmentally sustainable agriculture practices. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a globally accepted strategy for promoting sustainable agriculture. During last century, IPM relied substantially on economic threshold level and chemical pesticides driven approaches. | 153 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a globally accepted strategy for promoting sustainable agriculture. | 3 | page=3,ocr=6 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the structure of the inflorescence described? | an apical panicle of 5-40 spikes like racemes | Leaf blades merging into the sheath, linear, with a broad, rounded base and acute top; rough margined, glabrous or at the base with a few long hairs, smooth or the upper surface minutely bristly. Inflorescence is an apical panicle of 5-40 spikes like racemes. Fruit are caryopsis ovoid to obovoid, compressed, 1.5-2 mm long. | 213 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | Inflorescence is an apical panicle of 5-40 spikes like racemes. | 28 | page=28,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does cross-resistance mean in relation to insecticide resistance? | Cross-resistance occurs when resistance to one insecticide confers resistance to another insecticide, even where the insect has not been exposed to the latter product. | Citrus psylla or psyllid Same as in vegetative stage Mealybug Aphid Same as in vegetative stage Same as in vegetative stage Scale Same as in vegetative stage Citrus leaf miner Same as in vegetative stage V. Insecticide resistance and its management Insecticide resistance: Resistance to insecticides may be defined as ‘a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species’ (IRAC). Cross-resistance occurs when resistance to one insecticide confers resistance to another insecticide, even where the insect has not been exposed to the latter product. | 553 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | Insecticide resistance and its management Insecticide resistance: Resistance to insecticides may be defined as ‘a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species’ (IRAC). Cross-resistance occurs when resistance to one insecticide confers resistance to another insecticide, even where the insect has not been exposed to the latter product. | ||||
| What feature should light traps have to safeguard natural enemies? | exit option for natural enemies of smaller size | Select four random plants at each spot for recording counts of insects as per procedure finalized for individual insects. For sucking pests : For aphids, whitefly and mites: Count and record the number of both nymphs and adults on five randomly selected leaves per plant. C. Yellow pan water trap/sticky traps Set up yellow pan water trap/sticky traps 15 cm above the canopy for monitoring whitely and blue sticky trap for thrips @ 4-5 traps/acre. Locally available empty tins can be painted yellow/ coated with grease/Vaseline/castor oil on outer surface may also be used. D. Light traps Set up light traps 1 trap/acre 15 cm above the crop canopy for monitoring and mass trapping insects. Light traps with exit option for natural enemies of smaller size should be installed and operate around the dusk time (6 pm to 10 pm). | 707 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | Light traps with exit option for natural enemies of smaller size should be installed and operate around the dusk time (6 pm to 10 pm). | 16 | page=16,block=1 | ||
| What is the definition of plant compensation in the context of herbivory? | the replacement of plant biomass lost to herbivores | Plant compensation ability Compensation is defined as the replacement of plant biomass lost to herbivores and has been associated with increased photosynthetic rates and mobilization of stored resources from source organs to sinks (e.g., from roots and remaining leaves to new leaves) during active vegetative growth period. Plant tolerance to herbivory can arise from the interaction of a variety of plant traits and external environmental factors. Several studies have documented such compensation through increased growth and photosynthetic rate. | 54 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | Plant compensation ability Compensation is defined as the replacement of plant biomass lost to herbivores and has been associated with increased photosynthetic rates and mobilization of stored resources from source organs to sinks (e.g., from roots and remaining leaves to new leaves) during active vegetative growth period. | 10 | page=10,block=1 | 0.700 | |
| What is the foundation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)? | the integration of multiple strategies viz., cultural, physical, mechanical, biological, botanicals and chemical | IPM is a holistic approach of crop protection based on the integration of multiple strategies viz., cultural, physical, mechanical, biological, botanicals and chemical. Over the years IPM underwent several changes, shifting its focus from damage boundary, economic injury to economic threshold. Currently most stake holders rely upon economic threshold levels (ETL) and tend to apply chemical pesticides at the first instance in the event of a pest attack, though Government of India has advocated need based and judicious application of chemicals. This approach is likely to cause adverse effects on agro-ecosystems and increase the cost of agricultural production due to problems of pest resurgence, insecticide resistance and sustainability. During the late 90s FAO started advocating Agro-Ecosystem Analysis (AESA) based IPM. | 55 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | IPM is a holistic approach of crop protection based on the integration of multiple strategies viz., cultural, physical, mechanical, biological, botanicals and chemical. | ||||
| What is the purpose of ecological engineering in pest management? | to enhance the natural enemies of pests in an agro-ecosystem | The AESA based IPM focuses on the relationship among various components of an agro-ecosystem with special focus on pest-defender dynamics, innate abilities of plant to compensate for the damages caused by the pests and the influence of abiotic factors on pest buildup. Ecological Engineering for pest management - a new paradigm to enhance the natural enemies of pests in an agro-ecosystem is being considered as an important strategy.The ecological approach stresses the need for relying on bio intensive strategies prior to use of chemical pesticides. Sincere efforts have been made by resource personnel to incorporate ecologically based principles and field proven technologies for guidance of the extension officers to educate, motivate and guide the farmers to adopt AESA based IPM strategies, which are environmentally sustainable. | 329 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | Ecological Engineering for pest management - a new paradigm to enhance the natural enemies of pests in an agro-ecosystem is being considered as an important strategy.The ecological approach stresses the need for relying on bio intensive strategies prior to use of chemical pesticides. | ||||
| What are major predators? | a wide variety of spiders, lady bird beetles, long horned grasshoppers, Chrysoperla, earwigs, etc | Due to enhancement of biodiversity by the flowering plants, parasitoids and predatory natural enemies number also will increase due to availability of nectar, pollen, fruits, insects, etc. The major predators are a wide variety of spiders, lady bird beetles, long horned grasshoppers, Chrysoperla, earwigs, etc. | 213 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | The major predators are a wide variety of spiders, lady bird beetles, long horned grasshoppers, Chrysoperla, earwigs, etc. | 17 | page=17,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What kind of plant is Chenopodium album? | an annual weed found in agricultural fields | Lambs quarter: Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae It is an annual weed found in agricultural fields. It is a polymorphous, non-aromatic, erect herb, 0.3-3 m tall with angled stems that are often striped green, red or purple. Leaves are variable in size and shape, lower leaves are toothed or irregularly lobes, 10-15 cm long, with petioles often as long as leaf blades. Flowers are green, borne in clusters forming a compact or loosely panicled axillary spike. Fruits utricle, seeds round, compressed, black and shining. | 57 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | Chenopodiaceae It is an annual weed found in agricultural fields. | 29 | page=29,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is one outcome of AESA based PHM? | reduction of chemical pesticide usage and conserves the agro-ecosystems | Insect zoo is created to enable the farmer understand predation of pests by Natural Enemies. AESA based PHM also results in reduction of chemical pesticide usage and conserves the agro-ecosystems. Ecological Engineering for Pest Management, a new paradigm, is gaining acceptance as a strategy for promoting Biointensive Integrated Pest Management. | 124 | relationship | 0.970 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/AESA%20based%20IPM%20Curry%20leaf%20%28final%2026-02-2014%29.pdf | AESA based PHM also results in reduction of chemical pesticide usage and conserves the agro-ecosystems. | 5 | page=5,ocr=2 | 0.800 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 24 |
| page=24,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| 4 |
| page=4,ocr=3 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 3 |
| page=3,ocr=6 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |