2687 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Management of Production Problems in Tropical Fruit Crops, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The source is a 182-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include icar sponsored short course, tamil nadu agricultural university, good agricultural practices (gap), phytosanitation standards, biotechnological approaches, micro irrigation, fertigation, post-harvest handling. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 1045 factual, 590 table, 374 list, 313 relationship, 209 summary, 132 definition, 24 comparison. 1052 of the 2687 pairs (39.2%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 1635 are factual or table-based questions. 99.59% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 2,687 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the publication 'Management of Production Problems in Tropical Fruit Crops' by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The dataset spans topics such as irrigation, pest control, nutrient management, and post-harvest handling, with answers sourced verbatim from the publication. Questions are categorized into types like factual, definition, and relationship, and the dataset includes metadata for validation and source tracing.
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df.head()First 10 of 2.6K+ rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are the symptoms of copper deficiency in banana plants? | characterized by the unfurling of the young and developing leaves giving a tail-like appearance, which is commonly called whipping of banana | COPPER : Copper deficiency is normally noticed in red soil after three months of planting. The deficiency is characterized by the unfurling of the young and developing leaves giving a tail-like appearance, which is commonly called whipping of banana. The leaves show twisting symptoms. | 109 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | The deficiency is characterized by the unfurling of the young and developing leaves giving a tail-like appearance, which is commonly called whipping of banana. | 128 | page=128,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the term Biological control refer to? | the use of living organisms to control the population of a pest | Two examples are apple trees in good vigour actually smothering with sap or casting out invading flathead apple tree borers and plants not suffering drought stress being much less attractive to grasshoppers. Biological control Biological control refers to the use of living organisms to control the population of a pest. Examples of beneficial arthropods that have been used to control pests in fruit crops include the predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Metaseiulus occidentalis, which attack spider mites; lady bird beetles and green lacewings which feed on aphids and Trichogramma wasps, which parasitize the eggs of several pests including codling moth. | 256 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | Biological control Biological control refers to the use of living organisms to control the population of a pest. | 123 | page=123,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is a notable nutritional benefit of amla fruits? | a rich source of Vitamin C | Latitude-wise it starts from Deccan and extends up to the foot of the Himalayan ranges. The amla fruits are a rich source of Vitamin C. It is used to treat bronchitis, jaundice, diarrhoea and fever. | 108 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | The amla fruits are a rich source of Vitamin C. | 62 | page=62,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is notable about Tamil Nadu's water availability compared to the national average? | one of the water-starved states whose per capita water availability is less than the national average | Introduction Tamil Nadu is one of the water-starved states whose per capita water availability is less than the national average. The State’s endowed irrigation potential in per capita terms is only about 0.08 hectare compared to all India average of 0.17 hectares. | 27 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | Introduction Tamil Nadu is one of the water-starved states whose per capita water availability is less than the national average. | 95 | page=95,block=9 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the current state of fruit production in India? | not sufficient, to the prescribed per capita, though there is tremendous scope in extending the area of irrigation for fruit crops | In India, the area of irrigation of fruit crops is only about 30% and the average productivity is very low. The fruit production currently is not sufficient, to the prescribed per capita, though there is tremendous scope in extending the area of irrigation for fruit crops. Fertigation is a sophisticated and efficient method of applying fertilizers, in which the irrigation system is used as the carrier and distributor of the crop nutrients. | 142 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | The fruit production currently is not sufficient, to the prescribed per capita, though there is tremendous scope in extending the area of irrigation for fruit crops. | 101 | page=101,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the definition of a stale seed bed? | one where initial 1-2 flushes of the weeds are destroyed before planting of a crop | A stale seed bed is one where initial 1-2 flushes of the weeds are destroyed before planting of a crop. This is achieved by soaking a well prepared field with either irrigation or rain and allowing the weeds to germinate. | 20 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | A stale seed bed is one where initial 1-2 flushes of the weeds are destroyed before planting of a crop. | 139 | page=139,block=9 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the function of chlorine as an oxidizing agent? | an oxidizing agent, which kills bacteria, algae and other organic matter | b. Chlorination Chlorine is an oxidizing agent, which kills bacteria, algae and other organic matter. The most common chlorine compounds are sodium hypo chlorite (liquid) and Calcium hypo chlorite (solid). | 28 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | Chlorination Chlorine is an oxidizing agent, which kills bacteria, algae and other organic matter. | 100 | page=100,block=20 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of the fruit extract in ayurvedic and homeopathic preparations? | used in a number of ayurvedic and homeopathic preparations to prevent greying and falling of hairs | It is used to treat bronchitis, jaundice, diarrhoea and fever. The fruit extract is used in a number of ayurvedic and homeopathic preparations to prevent greying and falling of hairs. I. | 84 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | The fruit extract is used in a number of ayurvedic and homeopathic preparations to prevent greying and falling of hairs. | 62 | page=62,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of the fungus Noumerae reilyi? | used for the control of various lepidopteran pests | Fungi Easwaramoorthy and Jayaraj (1978), utilized Verticillium lecanii effectively to control the coffee green bug, Coccus viridis on the lower Palani Hills. The fungus Noumerae reilyi is used for the control of various lepidopteran pests. | 188 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | The fungus Noumerae reilyi is used for the control of various lepidopteran pests. | 147 | page=147,block=9 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the relationship between grapevine bud fruitfulness and day length? | not classified as a long day plant, for floral induction, its bud fruitfulness is generally higher under long days than short days | Light is also an important factor in determining the fruitfulness of buds in grapevine. Though grapevine is not classified as a long day plant, for floral induction, its bud fruitfulness is generally higher under long days than short days. Importance of light over temperature in the fruitfulness of the buds can be explained by shading of grapevines under field conditions, reducing the light interception in the vine canopy without reducing the temperature. | 108 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/Management%20of%20Production%20Problems%20in%20Tropical%20Fruit%20Crops.pdf | Though grapevine is not classified as a long day plant, for floral induction, its bud fruitfulness is generally higher under long days than short days. | 34 | page=34,block=14 | 0.850 | valid |
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