| What contributions did the Institute make regarding toxic factors in food? | made by the Institute in identifying the nature of toxic factors and providing solutions for prevention and control | Studies into food toxins were also carried out in this period, exploring major thematic areas like neurolathyrism, aflatoxicosis, argemone toxicity, epidemic dropsy and erucic acid toxicity in edible oil. Significant contributions were made by the Institute in identifying the nature of toxic factors and providing solutions for prevention and control. In 1963, a breakthrough was achieved, when neurotoxic symptoms were induced in baby chicks by administration of aqueous alcoholic extracts of Khesari dal seeds. | 236 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | Significant contributions were made by the Institute in identifying the nature of toxic factors and providing solutions for prevention and control. | 70 | page=70,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the role of the institute in HIV testing and surveillance? | the apex laboratory for HIV testing for surveillance, including the recently added biomarkers for Hepatitis B and C, using dried bloodspot samples | The random-sampling methodology was pioneered by NARI and later adapted across India. The institute is the apex laboratory for HIV testing for surveillance, including the recently added biomarkers for Hepatitis B and C, using dried bloodspot samples. NARI also builds capacity of other SEAR countries for surveillance for HIV-drug resistance. | 103 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | The institute is the apex laboratory for HIV testing for surveillance, including the recently added biomarkers for Hepatitis B and C, using dried bloodspot samples. | 155 | page=155,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What procedure was performed on the dead monkey brought to the team in Shimoga? | carried out in the open on the forest floor and tissues were collected and sent to VRC for inoculation in infant mice | The day the team reached Shimoga, a resident brought a dead monkey on a bicycle. A necropsy was carried out in the open on the forest floor and tissues were collected and sent to VRC for inoculation in infant mice. Mortality in mice was observed within a couple of days, indicating the presence of a virulent agent; however, the identity of the agent could not be established. | 96 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | A necropsy was carried out in the open on the forest floor and tissues were collected and sent to VRC for inoculation in infant mice. | 106 | page=106,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What type of study design was used in the survey? | a population-based cross- sectional study, and used cluster sampling design | The survey also explored health- seeking behaviours. The survey was a population-based cross- sectional study, and used cluster sampling design. The country was divided into 20 state groups and probability proportionate to the size of the population was used to determine the number of clusters in each of the 20 state groups. | 68 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | The survey was a population-based cross- sectional study, and used cluster sampling design. | 184 | page=184,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What was analyzed in 200 foods for energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and other contents? | performed on 200 foods for proximate principles (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat), including mineral and vitamin contents | It began in 1935 and was completed in two years. Chemical analyses were performed on 200 foods for proximate principles (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat), including mineral and vitamin contents. Besides employing already esta- blished methods for vitamin analyses, newer and improved methods of analyses were introduced especially for the estimation of niacin, carotene and certain B-vitamins. | 72 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | Chemical analyses were performed on 200 foods for proximate principles (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat), including mineral and vitamin contents. | 67 | page=67,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What was the purpose of the Cherthala project launched by the Government of India? | part of the Government of India’s Technology Mission Project which aimed at the elimination of the transmission of filariasis | The scourge of filariasis in Cherthala had been well documented since 1855, when Waring, the durbar physician of the erstwhile Travancore State, made an epidemiological survey and recorded that one out of 23 people in the state was afflicted by chronic filarial disease. The Cherthala project launched was part of the Government of India’s Technology Mission Project which aimed at the elimination of the transmission of filariasis | 306 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | The Cherthala project launched was part of the Government of India’s Technology Mission Project which aimed at the elimination of the transmission of filariasis | 351 | page=351,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| Under what classification are the tribes studied in the Andaman and Nicobar islands identified in Indian law? | Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) | especially with the emergence of Multi Drug Resistance (MDR). The probable reason for this might be the temporary migration of the Nicobarese tribe within Car Nicobar. Furthering efforts to understand tribal health burden in the Andaman and Nicobar islands, the Centre conducted a disease burden estimate study among the tribes of Jarawa, Onges, Great Andamanese, and Shompens – all identified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) under Indian law. The study covered more than 90% of all PVTGs (except the Shompens) and generated encompassed diverse health issues such as tuberculosis, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, viral hepatitis, diarrhoeal diseases, dengue, chikungunya, trachoma, influenza and other viral infections, chronic non-communicable diseases, and malnutrition. | 397 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | Furthering efforts to understand tribal health burden in the Andaman and Nicobar islands, the Centre conducted a disease burden estimate study among the tribes of Jarawa, Onges, Great Andamanese, and Shompens – all identified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) under Indian law. |
| What are vector-borne diseases, and how are they transmitted? | diseases that are transmitted between humans or from animals to humans through living organisms, or vectors, such as insects | ector-borne diseases – diseases that are transmitted between humans or from animals to humans through living organisms, or vectors, such as insects – have posed a major public health challenge in India for several decades, leading to devastating outbreaks in various parts of the country. To strengthen research on vector-borne diseases and formulate effective strategies for their control, ICMR established the Vector Control Research Centre (VCRC) in Puducherry (then Pondicherry) in 1975. In 1977, VCRC was made a permanent institute. Initially, the Institute was housed in two rooms at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER). Later, the then Lt. Governor of Pondicherry, Chhedi Lal, arranged for a large French style mansion, called Eny Bungalow, for accommodating the Institute. | 23 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | ector-borne diseases – diseases that are transmitted between humans or from animals to humans through living organisms, or vectors, such as insects – have posed a major public health challenge in India for several decades, leading to devastating outbreaks in various parts of the country. |
| What assay was developed to determine antibodies and antigens in biological samples? | Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) | cycle of the virus. Important among these are the demonstration of the bird-mosquito- bird virus cycle (infected duck – mosquito – chick); the detection of high levels of JEV in pigeons; the demonstration of pig infection by oral and subcutaneous routes, etc. A novel method of virus isolation has also been developed by co-culturing lymphocytes from infected individuals with mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from healthy individuals, which has yielded some isolation from Kolar, Karnataka. In the 1980s, Dr Khorshed Pavri, renowned virologist and the first woman director of NIV, spearheaded the development of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), an immunological assay used to determine antibodies and antigens in biological samples. | 615 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | In the 1980s, Dr Khorshed Pavri, renowned virologist and the first woman director of NIV, spearheaded the development of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), an immunological assay used to determine antibodies and antigens in biological samples. | 105 |
| What condition is caused by blood group incompatibility in newborns? | erythroblastosis foetalis, or alloimmune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) | The Council also conducted studies on the problem of blood group incompatibility, which is responsible for a condition called erythroblastosis foetalis, or alloimmune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), in newborns. Nearly 20,000 blood samples from parents and their offspring were collected and examined from different parts of India. These studies revealed that Rh incompatibility played a small part in the causation of foetal or maternal disease in India. A number of other important studies were carried out by the IRFA during this time – such as such as amenorrhoea in women of fertile age group; abortions in women; and worm infestations and diarrhoeas in infants and children, which were some of the frequently encountered causes of deaths among women and children. | 126 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861117_icmr_history_121124final.pdf | The Council also conducted studies on the problem of blood group incompatibility, which is responsible for a condition called erythroblastosis foetalis, or alloimmune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), in newborns. |