1842 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from ICMR Guidelines for Management of Type 1 Diabetes, published by icmr.gov.in. The source is a 173-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include type 1 diabetes, icmr, 2022 guidelines, non communicable diseases, sars-cov-2 pandemic, diabetes prevalence, international diabetes federation, hla haplotypes. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 798 factual, 322 list, 226 table, 208 relationship, 123 summary, 120 definition, 45 comparison. 818 of the 1842 pairs (44.4%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 1024 are factual or table-based questions. 99.29% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 1,842 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the ICMR Guidelines for Management of Type 1 Diabetes. The dataset spans various question types, including factual, definition, and relationship-based queries, and covers topics such as diabetes complications, treatment modalities, and lifestyle recommendations. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability to the original guidelines. The dataset is structured to include the context of each answer, its location in the source document, and validation status.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("www-icmr-gov-in-5897f157c9f3cff66299e4d87dead3a5")
df.head()First 10 of 1.8K+ rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What can be used to assess significant hyperkalemia or hypokalemia when serum potassium measurements are unavailable? | not available, a bedside ECG may help determine the presence of significant hyperkalemia or hypokalemia at tissue level | In case of hypokalemia, potassium replacement may be started after initial fluid resuscitation, but insulin therapy should not be initiated till serum potassium is >3.3 mmol/L. If immediate serum potassium measurements are not available, a bedside ECG may help determine the presence of significant hyperkalemia or hypokalemia at tissue level. Hypokalemia is indicated by the flattening/inversion of T waves, ST segment depression, wide QT interval, and presence of U waves. | 223 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | If immediate serum potassium measurements are not available, a bedside ECG may help determine the presence of significant hyperkalemia or hypokalemia at tissue level. | 56 | page=56,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What causes chronic gastroparesis and what symptoms may it include? | the result of autonomic neuropathy and may manifest with upper abdominal symptoms like postprandial fullness or glycaemic fluctuations | It is important to note that acute diabetic gastroparesis may occur in patients with severe hyperglycemia, and is reversible. Chronic gastroparesis is the result of autonomic neuropathy and may manifest with upper abdominal symptoms like postprandial fullness or glycaemic fluctuations. Genitourinary autonomic neuropathy The manifestations of genitourinary autonomic dysfunction include urinary incontinence and diabetic cystopathy (neurogenic bladder) which usually manifests as nocturia, frequent urination, urination urgency, and weak urinary stream. | 151 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | Chronic gastroparesis is the result of autonomic neuropathy and may manifest with upper abdominal symptoms like postprandial fullness or glycaemic fluctuations. | 109 | page=109,block=8 | 0.850 | valid |
| What complication occurs early in the disease course and involves the facial nerve? | a complication seen early in the disease course, while other cranial nerves (IX,X,XI,XII) may get involved as the infection invades further into skull base | Patients present with throbbing otalgia and purulent ear discharge. Lower motor neuron facial palsy is a complication seen early in the disease course, while other cranial nerves (IX,X,XI,XII) may get involved as the infection invades further into skull base. The presence of cranial nerve palsy portends a poor prognosis62. | 103 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | Lower motor neuron facial palsy is a complication seen early in the disease course, while other cranial nerves (IX,X,XI,XII) may get involved as the infection invades further into skull base. | 67 | page=67,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does OCT Angiography (OCTA) enable without using dye? | a recent advancement in ophthalmic imaging which allows visualization of retinal vasculature, without the use of any dye | The cause of DME can be ascertained, and response to treatment can be followed up on an OCT (Figure 7) 22. OCT Angiography (OCTA) is a recent advancement in ophthalmic imaging which allows visualization of retinal vasculature, without the use of any dye. Its role is being increasingly established in various retinal conditions 23,24. | 133 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | OCT Angiography (OCTA) is a recent advancement in ophthalmic imaging which allows visualization of retinal vasculature, without the use of any dye. | 85 | page=85,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does Ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography (UWFA) help visualize? | a relatively new modality which allows visualization of peripheral retinal non-perfusion areas, as well as NVEs, thus aiding with targeted retinal photocoagulation 21 | Another common cause of the latter is blocked fluorescence due to haemorrhage (pre-retinal/retinal). Ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography (UWFA) is a relatively new modality which allows visualization of peripheral retinal non-perfusion areas, as well as NVEs, thus aiding with targeted retinal photocoagulation 21. Complications of FFA include painful extravasation of dye and allergic reactions which can range from mild to severe; resuscitation equipment should be available when FFA is done. | 152 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | Ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography (UWFA) is a relatively new modality which allows visualization of peripheral retinal non-perfusion areas, as well as NVEs, thus aiding with targeted retinal photocoagulation 21. | 84 | page=84,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What effect does low serum pH have on the binding of iron to transferrin? | known to inhibit binding of iron to transferrin, making free iron available for utilization by the ferrophilic fungi | ROCM commonly occurs in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and DKA is present in 30-70% of cases at the time of presentation. Low serum pH is known to inhibit binding of iron to transferrin, making free iron available for utilization by the ferrophilic fungi. Also, both hyperglycemia and acidosis inhibit chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of neutrophils and macrophages, impairing host defenses against invasion by Zygomycetes54,58. | 152 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | Low serum pH is known to inhibit binding of iron to transferrin, making free iron available for utilization by the ferrophilic fungi. | 66 | page=66,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What evidence supported the FDA's approval of nasal glucagon for treating severe hypoglycemia? | based on the results of two randomized trials, that showed non-inferiority of nasal glucagon to injectable glucagon for treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia | Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved nasal glucagon (3mg, Baqsimi) for treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients aged ≥4 years. The approval was based on the results of two randomized trials, that showed non-inferiority of nasal glucagon to injectable glucagon for treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Patients can be asked to show I-card and hypoglycemia kit during clinic visits to drive home the point. | 187 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | The approval was based on the results of two randomized trials, that showed non-inferiority of nasal glucagon to injectable glucagon for treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. | 138 | page=138,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What imaging method is preferred for identifying and staging abnormal gas accumulation in the abdomen? | the imaging modality of choice to identify and stage the anatomical extent of abnormal gas accumulation | Radiograph of kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) region may show gas overlying the renal fossa while ultrasonography may reveal enlarged kidney with hyperechogenic foci within. CT abdomen is the imaging modality of choice to identify and stage the anatomical extent of abnormal gas accumulation. A radiological grading system based on CT findings proposed by Heung and Tseng is as follows | 189 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | CT abdomen is the imaging modality of choice to identify and stage the anatomical extent of abnormal gas accumulation. | 70 | page=70,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is considered the gold standard treatment for PDR with high-risk characteristics? | the gold standard for treatment of PDR with high-risk characteristics, while intra- vitreal injections of VEGF and/or corticosteroids are preferred for treatment of DME | With improving technology, and availability of non-invasive investigations such as OCT, more accurate diagnosis and treatment of DR has been made possible. Laser PRP is the gold standard for treatment of PDR with high-risk characteristics, while intra- vitreal injections of VEGF and/or corticosteroids are preferred for treatment of DME. In advanced DR, surgical management maybe required, where advances in vitreo-retinal surgery have improved surgical outcomes. | 169 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | Laser PRP is the gold standard for treatment of PDR with high-risk characteristics, while intra- vitreal injections of VEGF and/or corticosteroids are preferred for treatment of DME. | 90 | page=90,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is considered the primary treatment approach that should begin after sending a pus sample for cultures? | the mainstay of therapy and should be initiated empirically once the pus sample has been sent for bacterial/fungal cultures | Nuclear imaging modalities like Technetium 99m bone scintigraphy and Gallium (Ga-67) scan are helpful in monitoring the disease progression63,64. Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of therapy and should be initiated empirically once the pus sample has been sent for bacterial/fungal cultures. The initial antimicrobial therapy could be an antipseudomonal penicillin/cephalosporin (piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam or ceftazidime) in combination with a fluroquinolone (ciprofloxacin)65. | 171 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/ICMR_Guidelines_for_Management_of_Type_1_Diabetes.pdf | Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of therapy and should be initiated empirically once the pus sample has been sent for bacterial/fungal cultures. | 67 | page=67,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
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