| What are EARs in the context of dietary recommendations? | the average daily nutrient intake levels of the population | While RDAs are daily dietary nutrient intake levels that would be sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals, EARs are the average daily nutrient intake levels of the population. These recommendations are the basis for defining the nutrient levels in policies and programs. The EARs and TUL help evaluate peoples’ nutritional status, determine food fortification and nutrient supplementation regulation, etc., for the entire country. The updated guidelines will impact nutritional outcomes and help India achieve its targets outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals. Above: Diet survey in progress late 1970s Facing page: Training in Diet Surveys for Participants of Training Programmes 1970s | 155 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | While RDAs are daily dietary nutrient intake levels that would be sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals, EARs are the average daily nutrient intake levels of the population. | 68 | page=68,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What do RDAs represent in terms of nutrient intake? | daily dietary nutrient intake levels that would be sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals | While RDAs are daily dietary nutrient intake levels that would be sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals, EARs are the average daily nutrient intake levels of the population. These recommendations are the basis for defining the nutrient levels in policies and programs. The EARs and TUL help evaluate peoples’ nutritional status, determine food fortification and nutrient supplementation regulation, etc., for the entire country. The updated guidelines will impact nutritional outcomes and help India achieve its targets outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals. Above: Diet survey in progress late 1970s Facing page: Training in Diet Surveys for Participants of Training Programmes 1970s | 15 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | While RDAs are daily dietary nutrient intake levels that would be sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals, EARs are the average daily nutrient intake levels of the population. | 68 |
| What does health research require to protect research participants? | the highest standard of ethics while protecting the rights, safety, and well-being of research participants through equity, diversity, and inclusion | ealth Research requires the highest standard of ethics while protecting the rights, safety, and well-being of research participants through equity, diversity, and inclusion. ICMR has been at the forefront of championing the cause for highest ethical standards in the conduct of biomedical research. The first guideline – The Policy Statement on Ethical Considerations Involved in Research was published in 1980, and thereafter it has been updated with guidelines, which are in tune Protecting the rights, safety, and well-being of research participants: Strengthening Bioethics Ethical research journals of ICMR | 24 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | ealth Research requires the highest standard of ethics while protecting the rights, safety, and well-being of research participants through equity, diversity, and inclusion. | 88 | page=88,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the ACT treatment combine to combat malaria parasites? | two or more drugs working against malaria parasites in different ways | A host of efficacy studies and relevant research was conducted under the guidance of ICMR to monitor anti-malarial resistance in the Northeastern region. ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Dibrugarh carried out the pioneering efficacy study on ACT (Artemisinin-based combination therapy). The study changed malaria treatment as it was also later introduced as the first- line antimalarial treatment in Northeast India. The ACT treatment combines two or more drugs working against malaria parasites in different ways and is now the preferred treatment for chloroquine- resistant malaria. malaria control and elimination in the Northeast has got a boost from ICMR’s efforts, and it will continue to be an essential step in India’s efforts to eradicate the disease in the next decade. Change in anti-malaria drug policy in North-East: Translating evidence to action | 457 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | The ACT treatment combines two or more drugs working against malaria parasites in different ways and is now the preferred treatment for chloroquine- resistant malaria. |
| What does the phrase 'COVAXIN Bharat ki Apni vaccine' signify? | a self-reliant India’s capabilities to fight the COVID-19 battle | Regulatory approvals for the vaccine are in process for other countries as well. The ‘bench to bedside’ journey of COVAXIN took less than eight months demonstrating a self-reliant India’s capabilities to fight the COVID-19 battle. COVAXIN Bharat ki Apni vaccine On successful isolation of the SARS CoV-2 virus at | 165 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | The ‘bench to bedside’ journey of COVAXIN took less than eight months demonstrating a self-reliant India’s capabilities to fight the COVID-19 battle. | 12 | page=12,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is JENVAC described as in the contents section? | India’s first indigenous Japanese Encephalitis vaccine | Contents Acronyms 8 Foreword by Director General ICMR 11 COVAXIN 12 COVID Kavach ELISA 14 Ramping up the pan-India COVID-19 testing network 15 Dealing with Nipah virus outbreak 16 Containing Zika virus outbreak 17 Discovering Chandipura virus 18 Leading response to the 2009 Swine Flu Pandemic 19 Tackling Bird Flu 20 Demystifying Monkey Fever 22 Identifying Andaman Haemorrhaegic Fever as Leptospirosis 24 Deciphering Paragonimiasis 27 Breaking the myth of Gorakhpur Encephalitis 28 JENVAC: India’s first indigenous Japanese Encephalitis vaccine 29 | 492 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | Contents Acronyms 8 Foreword by Director General ICMR 11 COVAXIN 12 COVID Kavach ELISA 14 Ramping up the pan-India COVID-19 testing network 15 Dealing with Nipah virus outbreak 16 Containing Zika virus outbreak 17 Discovering Chandipura virus 18 Leading response to the 2009 Swine Flu Pandemic 19 Tackling Bird Flu 20 Demystifying Monkey Fever 22 Identifying Andaman Haemorrhaegic Fever as Leptospirosis 24 Deciphering Paragonimiasis 27 Breaking the myth of Gorakhpur Encephalitis 28 JENVAC: India’s first indigenous Japanese Encephalitis vaccine 29 |
| What is considered the gold standard test type for molecular diagnostics in primary care settings? | The use of Truenat enabled molecular diagnostics | The use of Truenat enabled molecular diagnostics is the today’s gold standard test type – readily available in primary care settings that are more easily accessible for many people than a hospital or specialist TB centre. Later, the TrueNat test was also validated by ICMR-NIV as a point of care test for Nipah virus disease and leptospirosis. In April 2020, following the invasion of COVID-19 virus, the TrueNat test was repurposed and used for COVID-19 diagnostics. ICMR played a nodal role in initiating the TrueNat based testing in Indian states for SARS-CoV2 detection. This TrueNat: Point of care molecular diagnostics for TB helped reduce life-threatening delays in the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV2. | 0 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | The use of Truenat enabled molecular diagnostics is the today’s gold standard test type – readily available in primary care settings that are more easily accessible for many people than a hospital or specialist TB centre. | 52 | page=52,block=1 |
| What is the India Tuberculosis Research Consortium (ITRC) described as? | a one of its kind collaborative approach to address India’s TB challenge | India Tuberculosis Research Consortium (ITRC): A step towards end TB by 2025 T uberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death in the world, making it a global public health crisis. In India alone, over 4.8 lakh people die from TB annually although the disease is treatable, when diagnosed and treated promptly. The government of India is committed to eliminate TB by 2025, five years ahead of the global targets and Sustainable Development Goals. To achieve this goal, ICMR established the India Tuberculosis Research Consortium (ITRC), a one of its kind collaborative approach to address India’s TB challenge. This flagship programme of ICMR aims to bring together diverse stakeholders to develop new tools – diagnostics, vaccines and drugs. | 545 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | To achieve this goal, ICMR established the India Tuberculosis Research Consortium (ITRC), a one of its kind collaborative approach to address India’s TB challenge. | 50 | page=50,block=0 |
| What is the aim of the Ayushman Bharat National Health Protection Scheme? | to provide free access to healthcare for low-income households in the country | yushman Bharat National Health Protection Scheme is a national health insurance initiative that aims to provide free access to healthcare for low-income households in the country. ICMR supports the scheme and ensures a sustainable and cost-effective model through its ongoing programs like health technology assessment (HTAIn), standard treatment workflows (STW), and a national list of essential medicines and diagnostics (NLEM). These programs serve as a critical tool to prioritize national health spending and provide a uniform guideline to ensure quality healthcare services across the nation. HTAIn has helped the scheme evaluate the appropriateness and cost-effectiveness of the available and new health technologies in India to access quality healthcare at minimum cost. This, in turn, facilitates and ensures transparent and evidence-informed decision-making in the field of health. | 101 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | yushman Bharat National Health Protection Scheme is a national health insurance initiative that aims to provide free access to healthcare for low-income households in the country. |
| What is the role of iodine in double fortified salt for the human body? | helps in the development and functioning of human body and cognitive ability | The objective was to spread awareness among the communities that intake of double fortified salt clears filarial parasites and prevents disease transmission - the iodine in the salt helps in the development and functioning of human body and cognitive ability in Diurnally sub-periodic Filariasis in Nicobar district and its management L3 stage (infective stage) of the filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquito vector children, and the salt does not alter the taste of the food and is safe for consumption by all members of the family including pregnant women and lactating mothers. Through door-to-door conversations, IEC activities and physical distribution of packets of double fortified salt over a period of time, the council was able to encourage positive behaviour change. | 182 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/books/1781861210_icmr75yearphotobook-final.pdf | The objective was to spread awareness among the communities that intake of double fortified salt clears filarial parasites and prevents disease transmission - the iodine in the salt helps in the development and functioning of human body and cognitive ability in Diurnally sub-periodic Filariasis in Nicobar district and its management L3 stage (infective stage) of the filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquito vector children, and the salt does not alter the taste of the food and is safe for consumption by all members of the family including pregnant women and lactating mothers. |