407 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Beginner’S Guide for, published by icmr.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 217 of the 407 pairs (53.3%) are explanatory questions and 190 restate a figure. 97.79% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("beginner-s-guide-for-systematic-reviews-question-and-answer-dataset")
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First 10 of 407 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the purpose of a review protocol? | a guide for a well written systematic review | A review protocol is a guide for a well written systematic review. It explains the rationale for conducting the systematic review, states the hypothesis and outlines the methodology to be used. | 21 | definition | 1.000 | A review protocol is a guide for a well written systematic review. | 23 | page=23,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does effectiveness refer to in the context of an intervention? | the extent to which an intervention has an effect | Effectiveness is the extent to which an intervention has an effect. The PICO approach is recommended here to define the population (e.g. | 17 | definition | 1.000 | Effectiveness is the extent to which an intervention has an effect. | 34 | page=34,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does a funnel plot represent in research analysis? | a scatter plot of effect estimate against a measure of precision (or study size) | The funnel plot is a scatter plot of effect estimate against a measure of precision (or study size). Mathematically, it plots the effect estimates of the studies against their standard errors. | 19 | definition | 1.000 | The funnel plot is a scatter plot of effect estimate against a measure of precision (or study size). | 80 | page=80,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the primary use of funnel plots in research? | used primarily as a visual aid for detecting bias or heterogeneity based on the level of asymmetry | Mathematically, it plots the effect estimates of the studies against their standard errors. Funnel plots are used primarily as a visual aid for detecting bias or heterogeneity based on the level of asymmetry. A symmetric funnel shape plot indicates increasing scatter with decreasing precision (Figure 7). | 109 | definition | 1.000 | Funnel plots are used primarily as a visual aid for detecting bias or heterogeneity based on the level of asymmetry. | 80 | page=80,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What assumption is the Fixed effects model based on? | based on the assumption that a single common (or ‘fixed’) effect underlies every study in the Meta-Analysis | The next step is to analyze the data using either of the two approaches the Fixed effect method and the Random effect method. The Fixed effects model is based on the assumption that a single common (or ‘fixed’) effect underlies every study in the Meta-Analysis. This approach is usually applied when I2 is small. | 153 | definition | 1.000 | The Fixed effects model is based on the assumption that a single common (or ‘fixed’) effect underlies every study in the Meta-Analysis. | 81 | page=81,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What assumption is the Random effects model based on? | based on the assumption that individual studies estimate different true effects | In this model, all of the observed differences between studies is due to chance. The Random effects model is based on the assumption that individual studies estimate different true effects. These true effects have a distribution with some central value and some degree of variability. | 109 | definition | 1.000 | The Random effects model is based on the assumption that individual studies estimate different true effects. | 82 | page=82,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the vertical line represent in a Meta-Analysis? | the line of no effect which could be at 1 for depicting ORs or RRs and 0 when depicting continuous measurements | For the summary measure, the confidence interval is the width of the diamond. The vertical line is the line of no effect which could be at 1 for depicting ORs or RRs and 0 when depicting continuous measurements. If the boxes with whiskers and diamond lie away from the vertical line then the outcome is statistically significant. | 99 | definition | 1.000 | The vertical line is the line of no effect which could be at 1 for depicting ORs or RRs and 0 when depicting continuous measurements. | 83 | page=83,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is involved in the last step of a systematic review? | the interpretation of the results, discussion of issues such as clinical applicability and writing of the manuscript for publication | The last step is the interpretation of the results, discussion of issues such as clinical applicability and writing of the manuscript for publication. To ensure that a systematic review is useful to the users, a transparent, complete and accurate account of why, what and how the review was done must be reported. | 17 | definition | 1.000 | The last step is the interpretation of the results, discussion of issues such as clinical applicability and writing of the manuscript for publication. | 84 | page=84,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What types of meta-analyses can be performed using R software? | an open-source software and has many packages to perform different types of meta-analyses such as standard inverse variance Meta-Analysis, three- level Meta-Analysis, network Meta-Analysis etc | NodeXL and NetMetaXL are other MS excel add-ins that supports network Meta-Analysis. R software R is an open-source software and has many packages to perform different types of meta-analyses such as standard inverse variance Meta-Analysis, three- level Meta-Analysis, network Meta-Analysis etc. One needs knowledge of R programming to use these packages. | 101 | definition | 1.000 | R software R is an open-source software and has many packages to perform different types of meta-analyses such as standard inverse variance Meta-Analysis, three- level Meta-Analysis, network Meta-Analysis etc. | 91 | page=91,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of the package robumeta? | used to conduct robust variance estimation (RVE) Meta-regression using both large and small sample RVE estimators using various weighting schemes | The package Meta provides trim-and-fill method to evaluate bias, fixed and random effect Meta-Analysis, cumulative Meta-Analysis, meta regression, leave-one-out Meta-Analysis, subgroup Meta-Analysis and various graphical plots such as funnel, forest, Galbraith, baujaut, L’Abbe and bubble plot. The package robumeta is used to conduct robust variance estimation (RVE) Meta-regression using both large and small sample RVE estimators using various weighting schemes. These methods are distribution free and provide valid point estimates, standard errors and hypothesis tests even when the degree and structure of dependence between effect sizes are unknown. | 319 | definition | 1.000 | The package robumeta is used to conduct robust variance estimation (RVE) Meta-regression using both large and small sample RVE estimators using various weighting schemes. | 91 | page=91,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
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