389 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Consensus Document 1, published by icmr.gov.in. The source is a 60-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include hepatocellular carcinoma, icmr, cancer management, oncology, liver cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis b, liver transplantation. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 172 factual, 74 list, 47 summary, 31 relationship, 29 definition, 21 table, 15 comparison. 196 of the 389 pairs (50.4%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 193 are factual or table-based questions. 99.49% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 389 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the ICMR Consensus Document on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. The questions span various types, including factual, list, summary, relationship, definition, table, and comparison, with explanatory questions making up 50.4% of the total. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability to the original publication. Topics covered include cancer management strategies, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and clinical guidelines specific to the Indian context.
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
# Set DD_TOKEN in your environment first (create a free token in Profile & settings).
import desidata
df = desidata.load("www-icmr-gov-in-0ceb6f2d8ea14c9866eadfb8601e62f7")
df.head()First 10 of 389 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the current role of AFP estimation in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma? | no longer part of diagnostic algorithm of HCC | If a suspicious nodule measuring >1cm fails to show typical enhancement pattern on both dynamic CT and dynamic MRI, image guided sampling is indicated. AFP estimation is no longer part of diagnostic algorithm of HCC. A PET scan is not routinely recommended. | 170 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | AFP estimation is no longer part of diagnostic algorithm of HCC. | 16 | page=16,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the current status of radiotherapy in international HCC treatment guidelines? | not yet an accepted standard of care in most international HCC treatment guidelines 164 | HCC lesions up to 10 cm are potential targets for SBRT, and SBRT may even control tumours greater than 10 cm, although this is more technically challenging and has a higher risk of side effects. Radiotherapy is not yet an accepted standard of care in most international HCC treatment guidelines 164. Although there are no phase III data as yet to support SBRT, it is an accepted treatment option for early-stage HCC at multidisciplinary HCC management | 211 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | Radiotherapy is not yet an accepted standard of care in most international HCC treatment guidelines 164. | 40 | page=40,block=8 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of transarterial radio-embolization using yttrium 90 microspheres? | the loco-regional therapy where the tumoricidal dose of radioactive isotope like yttrium 90 microspheres are injected by the Trans arterial route into the tumor vascularity | However the complications can be avoided if adequate risks mitigation measures are undertaken. Transarterial radio-embolization (TARE) Radioembolisation is the loco-regional therapy where the tumoricidal dose of radioactive isotope like yttrium 90 microspheres are injected by the Trans arterial route into the tumor vascularity. The yttrium 90 which is a beta emitter has a half life of 64.1 hours. | 156 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | Transarterial radio-embolization (TARE) Radioembolisation is the loco-regional therapy where the tumoricidal dose of radioactive isotope like yttrium 90 microspheres are injected by the Trans arterial route into the tumor vascularity. | 35 | page=35,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the suggested method for surveillance in patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? | a six-monthly ultrasound abdomen by an experienced radiologist | Noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B (males >40 years and females >50 years), chronic HBV infection of any age with family history of HCC, or chronic HCV with advanced fibrosis are candidates for surveillance.29 (Level 1a, Grade A). The recommended surveillance test is a six-monthly ultrasound abdomen by an experienced radiologist.30 (Level 1a, Grade A) Serum alfa- fetoprotein has no role in surveillance. | 280 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | The recommended surveillance test is a six-monthly ultrasound abdomen by an experienced radiologist. | 18 | page=18,block=8 | 0.850 | valid |
| What materials are used to make microspheres with embedded Y90? | made up of glass or resin with Y90 embedded into the micropsheres | The microspheres being small in size can even penetrate the vascularity of the tumor thrombus, which helps to recanalise or to cause necrosis of the tumor thrombus. The microspheres are made up of glass or resin with Y90 embedded into the micropsheres. The procedure is contraindicated in case of severe liver dysfunction (Sr bilirubin >3mg %), angio architecture not suitable to prevent non target embolization or if the hepato pulmonary shunt fraction is more than 20 %. | 186 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | The microspheres are made up of glass or resin with Y90 embedded into the micropsheres. | 35 | page=35,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| How did the second international consensus conference in 2014 define minor laparoscopic liver resection? | the one in which two or fewer segments are removed | Newer imaging technologies like 3-D reconstruction and virtual hepatectomies, which better delineate segmental anatomy may make AR feasible even in patients with poor hepatic reserve.59 2. Role of Laparoscopic resection: The First International Position statement on Laparoscopic Liver Surgery, 2008 Louisville, defined acceptable indications for laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) as solitary lesions < 5 cm, segment II to VI and considered laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy as standard practice60. Six years later, the second international consensus conference 2014, held at Marioka, Japan defined minor LLR as the one in which two or fewer segments are removed. Minor LLR was confirmed to be standard practice as per the recommendations of this conference. major LLR was considered an innovative procedure still in its learning phase61. | 619 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | Six years later, the second international consensus conference 2014, held at Marioka, Japan defined minor LLR as the one in which two or fewer segments are removed. | ||||
| How is the liver divided into segments during surgery? | based on watershed boundaries created by main branches of hepatic artery and portal vein | Explanatory notes Relevant surgical anatomy Surgically, liver is divided into eight segments based on watershed boundaries created by main branches of hepatic artery and portal vein. Since the boundary of segments is defined by the course of intrahepatic vessels, segmental divisions cannot be assigned from surface landmarks. The surgeon should provide this information. Types of specimen | 93 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | Explanatory notes Relevant surgical anatomy Surgically, liver is divided into eight segments based on watershed boundaries created by main branches of hepatic artery and portal vein. | 23 | page=23,block=3 | 0.700 | valid |
| What characterizes low grade dysplastic nodules in terms of cellularity and architecture? | a clonal cell population with mild increase in cellularity in comparison to the surroundings but without architectural atypia | Low grade dysplastic nodules (LGDN): a clonal cell population with mild increase in cellularity in comparison to the surroundings but without architectural atypia; portal structures are identified within LGDN. 2. High grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN): frank cytological and architectural atypia but insufficient for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma; portal tracts detectable within HGDN albeit reduced. Small HCC 1. Early HCC: vaguely nodular lesion with indistinct margins, well differentiated histology, and a few portal tracts identifiable. 2. Progressed HCC: a distinctly nodular lesion with well to moderately differentiated histology in which malignancy is easy to recognize; no portal tracts are identified. Role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma IHC may be employed to resolve diagnostic issues encountered on morphology. | 37 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | Low grade dysplastic nodules (LGDN): a clonal cell population with mild increase in cellularity in comparison to the surroundings but without architectural atypia; portal structures are identified within LGDN. | ||||
| What criteria must be met for liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma according to the Milan criteria? | solitary tumour < 5 cm, or up to 3 nodules all < 3 cm, without vascular invasion or extra-hepatic spread | 20 Consensus Document for Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma study demonstrated excellent overall and recurrence free survival rates for patients with early stage HCC who satisfied the criteria viz. solitary tumour < 5 cm, or up to 3 nodules all < 3 cm, without vascular invasion or extra-hepatic spread. Any patient with deranged liver functions or evidence of portal hypertension should ideally undergo transplant. On the other hand, resection is best suited for larger but otherwise operable tumours with no vascular invasion. There has been no randomized trial comparing the two treatment modalities. Evidence from meta-analysis of retrospective series on intention to treat basis shows no significant difference in outcomes69. the choice of treatment offered is primarily decided by the degree of underlying liver dysfunction in an otherwise resectable lesion. | 204 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | 20 Consensus Document for Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma study demonstrated excellent overall and recurrence free survival rates for patients with early stage HCC who satisfied the criteria viz. solitary tumour < 5 cm, or up to 3 nodules all < 3 cm, without vascular invasion or extra-hepatic spread. | ||||
| What did the First International Position statement on Laparoscopic Liver Surgery define as acceptable indications for laparoscopic liver resection? | solitary lesions < 5 cm, segment II to VI | Newer imaging technologies like 3-D reconstruction and virtual hepatectomies, which better delineate segmental anatomy may make AR feasible even in patients with poor hepatic reserve.59 2. Role of Laparoscopic resection: The First International Position statement on Laparoscopic Liver Surgery, 2008 Louisville, defined acceptable indications for laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) as solitary lesions < 5 cm, segment II to VI and considered laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy as standard practice60. Six years later, the second international consensus conference 2014, held at Marioka, Japan defined minor LLR as the one in which two or fewer segments are removed. Minor LLR was confirmed to be standard practice as per the recommendations of this conference. major LLR was considered an innovative procedure still in its learning phase61. | 385 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/resource-guidelines/Consensus_Document_1.pdf | Role of Laparoscopic resection: The First International Position statement on Laparoscopic Liver Surgery, 2008 Louisville, defined acceptable indications for laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) as solitary lesions < 5 cm, segment II to VI and considered laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy as standard practice60. |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 32 |
| page=32,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 27 |
| page=27,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 33 |
| page=33,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 32 |
| page=32,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |