| How does the harmonious coexistence approach describe the interaction between humans and wildlife in shared environments? | a dynamic but sustainable state in which humans and wildlife adapt to living in shared landscapes, with minimum negative impacts of human–wildlife interaction | Specific elements such as checklists, especially those needed for emergency response situations, may be printed in large-size posters and placed prominently on the walls of the HWC Mitigation Hubs and in similar control rooms of other stakeholders such as the police, district administration, hospitals, accredited social health activists (ASHAs) and anganwadi workers (AWW). 4 Harmonious coexistence’ is defined as a dynamic but sustainable state in which humans and wildlife adapt to living in shared landscapes, with minimum negative impacts of human–wildlife interaction on humans or on their resources and on the wildlife or on their habitats. The mitigation measures designed using this approach maintain a balance between the welfare of animals and that of humans in which both are given equal importance. Overlap in space and resource use is managed in a manner that minimises conflict. 1.4. | 416 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | 4 Harmonious coexistence’ is defined as a dynamic but sustainable state in which humans and wildlife adapt to living in shared landscapes, with minimum negative impacts of human–wildlife interaction on humans or on their resources and on the wildlife or on their habitats. | 7 | page=7,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What concept is integrated into operations and HWC mitigation measures under the One Health approach? | the concept of One Health, which links human and animal health in a shared environment | KEY MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED TO OPERATIONALISE THE ONE HEALTH APPROACH • The basic approach may be to integrate the concept of One Health, which links human and animal health in a shared environment into all the operations and HWC mitigation measures in the field. • Veterinary capacities and infrastructure may be upgraded to facilitate disease monitoring in wildlife populations, for both wildlife conservation and to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases to livestock and human populations and vice versa. • To reduce the biotic pressure on forests and prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases, it is desirable to stall-feed high-yielding cattle. • A well-formulated Wildlife Health Management and Disease Surveillance Plan may be developed at every division/protected area (PA). | 114 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | KEY MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED TO OPERATIONALISE THE ONE HEALTH APPROACH • The basic approach may be to integrate the concept of One Health, which links human and animal health in a shared environment into all the operations and HWC mitigation measures in the field. |
| What framework do the guidelines use to address health emergencies in human–wildlife conflict situations? | taking a One Health approach | • The guidelines aim to facilitate a common understanding among key stakeholders on the measures and protocols to be implemented to address health emergencies arising out of human and animal injury during human–wildlife conflict- related situations and to address situations of potential health risks for humans, wildlife and domestic animals, taking a One Health approach.3 • These guidelines provide measures to prevent and mitigate the negative impacts on people, domestic animals and wild animals that may arise due to health emergencies during HWC-related emergencies or during HWC mitigation operations. • The guidelines serve as a basis for overall long- term planning and coordination of measures at the national, state and division levels. • In general, the guidelines apply to all stakeholders relevant to addressing health emergencies and One Health and are not limited to the state forest departments. • The guidelines will be able to bring in more effectiveness and efficiency when they are fully integrated into the Division-Level HWC Management Action Plans (HWC-MAP) and State-Level HWC Mitigation Strategy and Action Plans (HWC-SAP) and in the implementation plans of the National One Health Programme for Prevention and Control of Zoonotic Diseases’ being implemented by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW). |
| What is the primary objective of the harmonious-coexistence approach described in the guidelines? | to ensure that both humans and animals are protected from negative impacts of HWC | • The development and implementation of these guidelines is driven by a harmonious- coexistence4 approach to ensure that both humans and animals are protected from negative impacts of HWC. • While the overall planning and coordination of human–animal conflict mitigation operations will be the responsibility of the state forest department, all other concerned key departments and agencies participate in and support the operations and carry out their functional responsibilities in coordination with the forest department to implement these guidelines. • The guidelines address the issue of health, adopting a holistic approach. • These guidelines may be provided to each forest range, RRT, PRT, district administration, police station at a HWC hotspot, hospital, district disaster management authority, panchayat and wildlife expert and to other key stakeholders as mentioned in these guidelines. • The documents may be translated into the local language for the field teams. | 106 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | • The development and implementation of these guidelines is driven by a harmonious- coexistence4 approach to ensure that both humans and animals are protected from negative impacts of HWC. |
| What is the purpose of the Implementer’s Tool Kit? | the roles, responsibilities and set of actions to be implemented by each of the designated response teams | The Implementer’s Tool Kit may further provide clarity on the roles, responsibilities and set of actions to be implemented by each of the designated response teams for various preparedness, capacity development and response measures for handling such situations on the ground. | 58 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | The Implementer’s Tool Kit may further provide clarity on the roles, responsibilities and set of actions to be implemented by each of the designated response teams for various preparedness, capacity development and response measures for handling such situations on the ground. | 10 | page=10,block=13 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the responsibility of Rapid Response Teams under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme? | investigate the outbreak and response for all Infectious diseases, including zoonotic diseases. | The following measures may be implemented to minimise human deaths and injuries: • The designate Medical Response Teams on-site (trained health personnel/Health Department) may activate the first aid and medical response plan and initiate primary first aid/treatment procedures for the injured people at the incident site. • The designate response team for crowd control on-site (police and emergency services) may escort uninjured people to safer havens/areas. • The designate Veterinary/Response Teams (veterinary and forest) on-site may control the movement of the animal/animals by effective tranquilisation and capture procedures in order to contain further injury to people. • The Rapid Response Teams under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is mandated to investigate the outbreak and response for all Infectious diseases, including zoonotic diseases. | 846 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | • The Rapid Response Teams under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is mandated to investigate the outbreak and response for all Infectious diseases, including zoonotic diseases. |
| Why is There an ever-increasing interface between animals and humans primarily? | habitat fragmentation and loss, the global trade in wildlife and increasing demands of ecotourism and other forest-dependent livelihoods | CONTEXT AND SITUATION • Over 30 new infectious diseases have been detected globally in the last three decades, around two thirds of which were zoonotic in origin. There is an ever-increasing interface between animals and humans primarily due to habitat fragmentation and loss, the global trade in wildlife and increasing demands of ecotourism and other forest-dependent livelihoods. This has led to growing numbers of people and livestock in close proximity with wildlife, resulting in disease spill-over. | 245 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | There is an ever-increasing interface between animals and humans primarily due to habitat fragmentation and loss, the global trade in wildlife and increasing demands of ecotourism and other forest-dependent livelihoods. | 8 | page=8,block=0 | 0.800 | valid |
| On whose behalf did Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) provide technical support for the guidelines? | German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) | The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the experts from the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, other experts and field practitioners who developed the guidelines, with support from innumerable contributors, using a participatory approach in workshops and consultations organised under the Indo-German project Human–Wildlife Conflict Mitigation in India. The Ministry acknowledges the technical support extended by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), in the preparation and pilot implementation of these guidelines. | 650 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | The Ministry acknowledges the technical support extended by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), in the preparation and pilot implementation of these guidelines. |
| What advantage does mapping health infrastructure by division offer to first responders? | effectively address the situation, and may also strengthen the inter-agency coordination | • Use of the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWRR)5 system, development of advanced diagnosis and surveillance tools and use of new technology may enhance the overall efficiency of mitigation efforts in the field, effectively address health emergencies and prevent zoonotic and other emerging diseases. • Division-wise mapping of health infrastructure for humans, wild animals and domestic animals on a single GIS platform may facilitate the first responders to effectively address the situation, and may also strengthen the inter-agency coordination. | 464 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | • Division-wise mapping of health infrastructure for humans, wild animals and domestic animals on a single GIS platform may facilitate the first responders to effectively address the situation, and may also strengthen the inter-agency coordination. | 18 | page=18,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| What approach could be improved through feedback from inter-agency teams? | the operationalisation of the One Health approach | These guidelines are expected to serve as a capacity development instrument, given that a robust and structured feedback mechanism will be put in place by the DLCCs and SLCCs to document the feedback received from the implementation of these guidelines. • The feedback from the use of these guidelines may, therefore, be consolidated to form the basis for fine- tuning health emergencies and addressing the long-term risk of zoonotic and other emerging diseases during an HWC and for understanding capacity needs for effectively implementing the inter-agency coordination mechanism and taking a One Health approach. • In the long term, the feedback may be consolidated and used in further revising/updating the capacity development strategies, Division-Level HWC Management Action Plans and National and State HWC Strategy and Action Plans. • Feedback from the inter-agency teams may be used to further strengthen our understanding of the operationalisation of the One Health approach. 12. | 935 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/230306_Guidelines_HealthEmergencies&OneHealth_LowRes%20(1).pdf | • Feedback from the inter-agency teams may be used to further strengthen our understanding of the operationalisation of the One Health approach. |