| What analysis should include chemical risk in a hospital's annual safety protocols? | Hazard and Risk Vulnerability Analysis (HRVA) | Hospital Infrastructure Preparedness Checklist (Including Planning) 1. Safety Protocols ο Is chemical risk included in the hospital’s annual Hazard and Risk Vulnerability Analysis (HRVA)? ο Are nearby industrial hazards mapped and analyzed for response implications? ο Are strategies and tactics to mitigate chemical risks clearly identified and implemented? ο Are protective measures such as PPE, decontamination zones, and barriers available and accessible? 2. Chemical Incident Planning ο Is there a comprehensive, up-to-date Disaster Plan? ο Is the plan reviewed and tested annually with lessons learned integrated? ο Does the plan include incident activation triggers, response flowcharts, and escalation protocols? 3. Notification & Activation ο Are there clear procedures to notify critical departments (e.g. | 141 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Safety Protocols ο Is chemical risk included in the hospital’s annual Hazard and Risk Vulnerability Analysis (HRVA)? ο Are nearby industrial hazards mapped and analyzed for response implications? ο Are strategies and tactics to mitigate chemical risks clearly identified and implemented? ο Are protective measures such as PPE, decontamination zones, and barriers available and accessible? 2. | 98 | page=98,block=3 | 0.700 | valid |
| What defines toxins as a type of chemical hazard? | capacity to damage living things via biochemical interactions. | Toxins are a broad class of chemical hazards that are distinguished by their capacity to damage living things via biochemical interactions. These compounds are very dangerous because they have the potential to cause serious health impacts even at low exposure levels. They can be created synthetically or organically. Toxic substance is one that even in small amounts, can injure living tissue. » Examples – Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrogen fluoride etc. Fig.2 : Four categories of common chemical hazards: corrosives, flammables, oxidizers/ reactive, and toxins. | 77 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Toxins are a broad class of chemical hazards that are distinguished by their capacity to damage living things via biochemical interactions. These compounds are very dangerous because they have the potential to cause serious health impacts even at low exposure levels. | 15 | page=15,block=7 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the term flash point refer to for a flammable liquid? | minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air. | Important properties of flammable liquids: » Flash point is the minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air. » Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion Oxidizers/ reactive’s include chemicals that can explode, violently polymerize, form explosive peroxides, or react violently with water or atmospheric oxygen. 1. Oxidizers: An oxidizing agent is any material - initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, either by causing fire itself or by releasing oxygen or other combustible gases. Examples of Oxidizers - Aluminum nitrate, Ammonium persulfate, Barium peroxide. 2. Reactives: Reactives include materials that are pyrophoric (“flammable solids”), are water reactive, form explosive peroxides, or may undergo such reactions as violent polymerization. | 64 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Important properties of flammable liquids: » Flash point is the minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air. » Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion Oxidizers/ reactive’s include chemicals that can explode, violently polymerize, form explosive peroxides, or react violently with water or atmospheric oxygen. |
| What is Level D protection primarily used for? | primarily a work uniform and is used for nuisance contamination only | Level D protection is primarily a work uniform and is used for nuisance contamination only. It should not be worn on any site where respiratory or skin hazards exist. Level D assemble requires : • Coveralls • Safety shoes/boots. • Other PPE is based upon the situation (types of gloves, etc.). | 22 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Level D protection is primarily a work uniform and is used for nuisance contamination only. | 54 | page=54,block=11 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is a key property of flammable substances? | the potential to catch fire readily & burn in air | Corrosives are materials that can injure body tissue or cause corrosion of metal by direct chemical action. Major classes of corrosive substances are: 1. Strong acids (e.g. Sulphuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric & Hydrofluoric acids) 2. Strong bases (e.g. Sodium hydroxide & Potassium hydroxide) 3. Dehydrating agents (Sulphuric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Phosphorus pentoxide, & Calcium oxide) 4. Oxidizing agents (e.g. Hydrogen peroxide, Chlorine, & Bromine) Flammable substances have the potential to catch fire readily & burn in air. A flammable liquid itself does not catch fire; it is the vapors produced by the liquid that burn. | 477 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Hydrogen peroxide, Chlorine, & Bromine) Flammable substances have the potential to catch fire readily & burn in air. | 15 | page=15,block=7 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is required of an 'upper tier' establishment under the Seveso Directive? | comply with the strictest safety regime required by the Directive | Lessons learned ο Location of control room Risk should be at a safer location. ο Assessment of fire hazard associated with ethylene oxide ο Risk–appropriate fire detection and mitigation systems ο Post the disaster IQOXE site is classified as an ‘upper tier’ establishment under the Seveso Directive (2012/18/EU), meaning they have to comply with the strictest safety regime required by the Directive. CASE STUDY 2 : EXPLOSION AT THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES OF ETHYLENE OXIDE (IQOXE) SITE IN TARRAGONA, CATALONIA, SPAIN 1995 | 335 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | ο Assessment of fire hazard associated with ethylene oxide ο Risk–appropriate fire detection and mitigation systems ο Post the disaster IQOXE site is classified as an ‘upper tier’ establishment under the Seveso Directive (2012/18/EU), meaning they have to comply with the strictest safety regime required by the Directive. | 85 | page=85,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the aim of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Emergency Management Plan) Regulations, 2010? | the establishment of emergency management plans for petroleum and natural gas installations. | Provides for the regulation of the manufacture, storage, and import of hazardous chemicals. Provides for mandatory insurance coverage for industrial units handling hazardous substances to compensate for the damages caused to third parties in case of an accident. Provides guidelines for emergency planning, preparedness, and response in case of a chemical accident. Provides for the management of disasters, including chemical disasters, and the establishment of institutions for disaster management. Provide for the establishment of emergency management plans for petroleum and natural gas installations. Provides for the management, handling, and transboundary movement of hazardous waste in a safe and environmentally sound manner. | 513 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Provide for the establishment of emergency management plans for petroleum and natural gas installations. Provides for the management, handling, and transboundary movement of hazardous waste in a safe and environmentally sound manner. | 24 |
| What is the flash point of a flammable liquid? | the minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air. | Important properties of flammable liquids: » Flash point is the minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air. » Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion Oxidizers/ reactive’s include chemicals that can explode, violently polymerize, form explosive peroxides, or react violently with water or atmospheric oxygen. 1. Oxidizers: An oxidizing agent is any material - initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, either by causing fire itself or by releasing oxygen or other combustible gases. Examples of Oxidizers - Aluminum nitrate, Ammonium persulfate, Barium peroxide. 2. Reactives: Reactives include materials that are pyrophoric (“flammable solids”), are water reactive, form explosive peroxides, or may undergo such reactions as violent polymerization. | 60 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Important properties of flammable liquids: » Flash point is the minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air. » Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion Oxidizers/ reactive’s include chemicals that can explode, violently polymerize, form explosive peroxides, or react violently with water or atmospheric oxygen. |
| What is the function of cathartics in gastrointestinal decontamination? | accelerate gastrointestinal transit and promote the evacuation of gastrointestinal contents | OTHERS METHODS Gastric emptying/Stomach washing by administering fluid (5 ml Fluid/kg of body weight)and aspirating it.Useful within 1 – 4 hours after ingestion. Drugs used to induce nausea and vomiting. Should be used only if there is difficulty to perform gastric lavage. Example: common sault diluted in warm water, syrup of ipecac, ZnS04, Apomorphine, etc. Cathartics are able to accelerate gastrointestinal transit and promote the evacuation of gastrointestinal contents. Example: Salic cathartic as sodium sulphate, disodium phosphate and magnesium salts, or saccharides as sorbitol, mannitol and lactulose Single-dose-activated charcoal (SDAC) or multiple-does activated charcoal (MDAC),0.5-1 g/kg body weight is mixed with water is given to the patient. Most effective in cases like strychnine, Morphine, atropine, alcohol poisoning. | 384 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | Cathartics are able to accelerate gastrointestinal transit and promote the evacuation of gastrointestinal contents. | 63 | page=63,block=12 |
| What is the goal of the Public Health Preparedness for Chemical Emergencies module? | to strengthen preparedness, response, and resilience against chemical emergencies across all levels of the health system | From the Conceptualization, Contribution, Development and further scaleup capacity building efforts for Public Health Preparedness for Chemical Emergencies, the collective insights and experiences of all contributors have shaped this module into a practical tool to strengthen preparedness, response, and resilience against chemical emergencies across all levels of the health system. | 263 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769334765_CE-3.pdf | From the Conceptualization, Contribution, Development and further scaleup capacity building efforts for Public Health Preparedness for Chemical Emergencies, the collective insights and experiences of all contributors have shaped this module into a practical tool to strengthen preparedness, response, and resilience against chemical emergencies across all levels of the health system. | 7 | page=7,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |