| What are the Big Four collectively acknowledged as in India? | medically important snakes in India | S. No Common name Scientific name 62. Nicobar pit viper Trimeresurus labialis 63. Himalayan white lipped pit viper Trimeresurus septentrionalis 64. Gumprecht’s green pit viper Trimeresurus gumprechti 65. Hutton’s pit viper Tropidolaemus huttoni (Source: (11)Whitaker and Captain, 2008; Vijayaraghavan and Ganesh, 2015) In India 23 snake species are recognized for their medical importance, capable of inducing fatalities in cases of snakebite envenoming. The comprehensive list below enumerates these 23 species, encompassing the Big four, collectively acknowledged as medically important snakes in India. | 569 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | The comprehensive list below enumerates these 23 species, encompassing the Big four, collectively acknowledged as medically important snakes in India. | 56 | page=56,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the National Action Plan for Snakebite Envenoming aim to provide? | a broad framework for management, prevention and control of Snakebite envenoming in India | The National Action Plan for Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) provides a broad framework for management, prevention and control of Snakebite envenoming in India. It is a guidance document for the states/ stakeholders to develop their action plan, specific to their needs. | 67 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | The National Action Plan for Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) provides a broad framework for management, prevention and control of Snakebite envenoming in India. | 85 | page=85,block=7 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the National Action Plan for Snakebite Envenoming provide for the management of snakebite envenoming in India? | a broad framework for management, prevention and control of Snake bite envenoming in India | xi The overall context • The National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) is a guidance document for all major and key stakeholders at State and District level for developing their own State Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming specific to their needs in collaboration with stakeholders at State and District level, NGOs, civil societies, Panchayati raj Institutes etc. • The National Action Plan for Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) provides a broad framework for management, prevention and control of Snake bite envenoming in India. This NAPSE echoes the global voice of reducing the deaths and disability due to snakebite envenoming by half by 2030 and envisages all strategic components, roles and responsibilities of concerned stakeholders. | 500 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | • The National Action Plan for Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) provides a broad framework for management, prevention and control of Snake bite envenoming in India. |
| What does the advocacy and communication activity measure in relation to snakebite in animals? | Measuring public awareness about the risk of snakebite in Animals. | Surveillance Strengthening sur- veillance of Snakebite cases and deaths in animal. % Facilities reporting Snakebite cas- es and deaths in animals. Programme for Prevention and control of Snakebite Reports and NADRS Reports Programme for Prevention and control of Snakebite, INAPH Alert Report Surveillance unit (web por- tal) Table 10- Other Process Indicators Activities Technical Indicator Objectively Verifiable Indicator(s) Means of Verification Source of Information Advocacy and Communica- tion. Measuring public awareness about the risk of snakebite in Animals. % Of popu- lation aware of snakebite management, prevention, and control in Animals. KAP survey KAP survey results | 502 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | Programme for Prevention and control of Snakebite Reports and NADRS Reports Programme for Prevention and control of Snakebite, INAPH Alert Report Surveillance unit (web por- tal) Table 10- Other Process Indicators Activities Technical Indicator Objectively Verifiable Indicator(s) Means of Verification Source of Information Advocacy and Communica- tion. Measuring public awareness about the risk of snakebite in Animals. % Of popu- lation aware of snakebite management, prevention, and control in Animals. |
| What does the community needs assessment concept emphasize? | need assessment and planning with the involvement of stakeholders to ensure that everyone is informed and engaged in the process. | They can assist in collecting data through surveys, interviews, focused group discussions groups and develop questions to identify data collection methods to use. This process also ensures that the community team has equitable access to and informed knowledge of the process, thereby solidifying their support. The community needs assessment concept refers to need assessment and planning with the involvement of stakeholders to ensure that everyone is informed and engaged in the process. e.g. Hospital administrator, community health worker, ASHA worker, Paravet, forest guards, school principal and headmaster, civic leaders, sarpanch, local community representatives, Community health volunteers, and representative of panchayat raj institutions. Develop a team strategy: After assembling teams following points will be included 1. Defining goals and objectives of the assessment. 2. | 360 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | The community needs assessment concept refers to need assessment and planning with the involvement of stakeholders to ensure that everyone is informed and engaged in the process. e.g. |
| What does the word 'Naga' refer to in Sanskrit? | the cobra or snakes in general | India, traditionally known as the land of “snake charmers” in the West, has deep roots of snakes being revered as symbols of supernatural power and important objects of worship. In Sanskrit, the word ‘Naga’ is used to refer to the cobra or snakes in general (5). The Hindu mythology portrays many gods dec- orated with snakes or cobras around their necks or as ornaments, parading their fearlessness and immortality. In Greek mythology, Asclepius (a mortal man, who was believed to be resurrected later as the god of medicine) learned the secret of controlling death when he observed a mortal- ly injured snake being brought back to life with healing herbs administered by another snake (5). | 227 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | In Sanskrit, the word ‘Naga’ is used to refer to the cobra or snakes in general (5). | 46 | page=46,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What feature distinguishes the head of snakes in India from their body? | separated from the body by a noticeable neck | Here is a general overview of the morphology of snakes found in India: Body Shape and Size: • Snakes in India vary greatly in size, ranging from tiny species like the Brahminy Blind Snake to large ones like the Indian Python. • The body is typically elongated and cylindrical, allowing for efficient movement Head: • Snakes in India have distinct heads that are separated from the body by a noticeable neck. • The head may be triangular or oval in shape, depending on the species. Eyes: • Most snakes have lidless eyes covered by transparent scales. Some species, like pit vipers, have heat-sensing pits located between the eyes and nostrils. | 362 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | • The body is typically elongated and cylindrical, allowing for efficient movement Head: • Snakes in India have distinct heads that are separated from the body by a noticeable neck. | 58 | page=58,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is NITI Aayog's primary function as a policy think tank? | providing directional and policy inputs. | NITI Aayog: It is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs. The key role of NITI Aayog in snakebite envenoming • To coordinate and consider inclusion of snakebite related issues priority programmes implemented by different ministries. • To actively monitor and evaluate the implementation of programs and initiatives, including identifying the needed resources to strengthen the probability of success and scope of delivery. • To conduct research and analysis with reputed organisations, academic institutions, and development partners and facilitate discussions with eminent experts in the domain of snakebite envenoming and their management, urban health management, health finance and insurance, medical device manufacturing and antivenom production, etc. | 76 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | NITI Aayog: It is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs. The key role of NITI Aayog in snakebite envenoming • To coordinate and consider inclusion of snakebite related issues priority programmes implemented by different ministries. |
| What is a dry bite in the context of snakebite envenoming? | venom may not have been injected during the bite | A summary of current challenges and the recommendations on clinical aspects of snakebite envenoming is as follows: Circumstances Associated challenges Recommendations Reassurance Snakebites are dramatic events and can be associated with sig- nificant anxiety. Victims must be reassured that most snake bites (approximately 70%) in India are by non-venomous species. Even in instances where a victim is bitten by a venomous snake, venom may not have been injected during the bite (dry bite). Victims must also be reassured that snakebite enven- oming is treatable. Nonspecific symptoms Snake Bites can be associated with symptoms due to anxiety which triggers sympathetic activity. These can be mistaken for early envenoming and include palpita- tions, sweating, tremulousness, tachy- cardia, tachypnoea, elevated blood pressure, cold extremities and paraesthesias. | 430 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | Even in instances where a victim is bitten by a venomous snake, venom may not have been injected during the bite (dry bite). | 116 |
| What is not considered an offence when defending oneself or another person from a wild animal? | The killing or wounding in good faith of any wild animal in defence of oneself or of any other person | (2) The killing or wounding in good faith of any wild animal in defence of oneself or of any other person shall not be an offence: Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall exonerate any person who, when such defence becomes necessary, was committing any act in contravention of any provision of this Act or any rule or order made thereunder. (3) Amy wild animal killed or wounded in defence of any person shall be Government property. | 4 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335066_NATIONAL-ACTION-PLAN-FOR-PREVENTION-AND-CONTROL-OF-SNAKEBITE-ENVENOMING-NAPSE.pdf | (2) The killing or wounding in good faith of any wild animal in defence of oneself or of any other person shall not be an offence: Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall exonerate any person who, when such defence becomes necessary, was committing any act in contravention of any provision of this Act or any rule or order made thereunder. | 77 | page=77,block=1 | 0.700 |