197 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Microsoft Word - AB policy final march11 _8.4.11_.doc, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 55-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include antimicrobial resistance, health care, new delhi, amr surveillance, public health, antibiotic use, infection control, rational use. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 60 factual, 45 list, 38 relationship, 38 summary, 14 definition, 2 comparison. 137 of the 197 pairs (69.5%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 60 are factual or table-based questions. 99.49% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 197 question-and-answer pairs extracted from the 'National Policy for AMR Containment in India' document published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The questions cover topics such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), infection control, antibiotic use, and public health. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, with metadata linking it to the original page and location. The dataset includes various question types, such as factual, list, relationship, and summary, with 69.5% focusing on explanatory content.
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df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-651c593f01351d2fb30f948c40d08204")
df.head()First 10 of 197 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the primary cause of increased antimicrobial resistance? | a result of many factors, but the foremost cause is the overall volume of antibiotic consumption, particularly for indications that do not require such therapy | The current worldwide increase in antimicrobial resistance and, simultaneously, the downward trend in the development of new antibiotics have serious public health and economic implications. The increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a result of many factors, but the foremost cause is the overall volume of antibiotic consumption, particularly for indications that do not require such therapy. About 80% of antibiotics are used in the community and the rest are used in hospitals. | 239 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | The increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a result of many factors, but the foremost cause is the overall volume of antibiotic consumption, particularly for indications that do not require such therapy. | 30 | page=30,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| Under which Act is the manufacture and sale of drugs regulated? | Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 | Manufacture of Drugs The manufacture and sale of drugs is a licensed activity under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and the licensees are required to comply with the provision of the Act and the conditions of the licence. The Act specifies offences and penalties for violations of the provisions of the Act. The licences for sale of drug (wholesale or retail) are granted by the State Licensing | 88 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | Manufacture of Drugs The manufacture and sale of drugs is a licensed activity under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and the licensees are required to comply with the provision of the Act and the conditions of the licence. | 17 | page=17,block=19 | 0.700 | valid |
| What capability should new surveillance tools for AMR have? | AMR at the lowest capable health centre | personnel on various aspects of AST specially quality control and data analysis/ transmission. 2.4. Followed by regular monitoring and review meetings once in 6/12 months 2. Research in AMR Surveillance 2.5.1: New and simple surveillance tools with the capability to detect AMR at the lowest capable health centre should be developed and its ability to track the infection should be established. 2.5.2: All surveillance activities should be linked with epidemiological studies particularly surveillance around relevant vaccination programs. 2.5.3: A National Health Policy Unit should be entrusted with analysis of the surveillance data and provide advisory for framing of policies for use of antibiotics according to region, nation or hotspots. | 274 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | Research in AMR Surveillance 2.5.1: New and simple surveillance tools with the capability to detect AMR at the lowest capable health centre should be developed and its ability to track the infection should be established. | 29 | page=29,block=9 | ||
| What classification system and measurement units were assigned to the antibiotic data? | The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) measurement units | The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) measurement units were assigned to the data. 39% of the patients had encountered with at least one antibiotic at private retail pharmacies and public facilities whereas 43% of patients visiting private clinics were prescribed antibiotics. Consumption pattern of antibiotics were similar at private retail pharmacies and private clinics where fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and extended spectrum penicillins were the three commonly prescribed groups of antibiotics. At public facilities, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, macrolides, tetracyclines, cephalosporins and co-trimoxazole group of 1 Kotwani A, Holloway K, Chaudhury R R. Methodology for surveillance of antimicrobials use among out-patient in Delhi. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2009; 129: 555-60. | 0 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) measurement units were assigned to the data. | ||||
| What do the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1995 address regarding antibiotics? | the use of antibiotics and other pharmacologically active substances | 4.1. Indian Scenario In India, the antibiotics are used widely in food animals as growth promoters and to prevent and treat infections. Non-therapeutic usage of antibiotics has been especially common in poultry production. cuurently there is no regulatory provision regarding the use of antibiotics in livestock. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1995-part XVIII: Antibiotic and other Pharmacologically Active Substances, regulates the use of antibiotics and other pharmacologically active substances as given below: The amount of antibiotics for sea foods including shrimps, prawns or any other variety of fish and fishery products, shall not exceed the prescribed tolerance limit (mg/Kg[ppm]) as mentioned below: a. Tetracycline (0.1) b. Oxytetracycline (0.1) c. Trimethoprim (0.05) d. | 441 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | The Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1995-part XVIII: Antibiotic and other Pharmacologically Active Substances, regulates the use of antibiotics and other pharmacologically active substances as given below: The amount of antibiotics for sea foods including shrimps, prawns or any other variety of fish and fishery products, shall not exceed the prescribed tolerance limit (mg/Kg[ppm]) as mentioned below: a. | ||||
| What is the goal of creating a national repository of bacterial strains? | quality control of AST as well as repository of drug resistant strains | 2.3. Development of National Repository of Bacterial strains / cultures There is also a strong need to establish a national repository of standard bacterial strains required for quality control of AST as well as repository of drug resistant strains (including molecular components like DNA / plasmids) isolated from the different | 178 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | Development of National Repository of Bacterial strains / cultures There is also a strong need to establish a national repository of standard bacterial strains required for quality control of AST as well as repository of drug resistant strains (including molecular components like DNA / plasmids) isolated from the different | 28 | page=28,block=10 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the responsibility of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO)? | regulatory control over the quality of drugs, cosmetics and certain notified medical devices under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and rules made there under. | The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), headed by the Drugs Controller General (India) in the Directorate General of Health Services, is concerned with the regulatory control over the quality of drugs, cosmetics and certain notified medical devices under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and rules made there under. The organization has its head quarters at Food and Drug Bhawan, Kotla Road, Near ITO, New Delhi-110002 and has six zonal offices, two sub zonal offices, seven sea ports/Airports offices and six laboratories under its control. | 173 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), headed by the Drugs Controller General (India) in the Directorate General of Health Services, is concerned with the regulatory control over the quality of drugs, cosmetics and certain notified medical devices under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and rules made there under. The organization has its head quarters at Food and Drug Bhawan, Kotla Road, Near ITO, New Delhi-110002 and has six zonal offices, two sub zonal offices, seven sea ports/Airports offices and six laboratories under its control. | ||||
| What measure will be used to assess antibiotic usage? | Percentage of patients receiving antibiotics | For this required number of exit interviews to be conducted data collectors should visit 4-5 times the same facility/clinic to get a comprehensive picture. Outcome measures: Percentage of patients receiving antibiotics would be found out. Results would be expressed as DDD/100 patients. The denominator for exit interviews data is the number of patients attending the pharmacy/clinic during the time taken to do the target number of exit interviews. | 174 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | Outcome measures: Percentage of patients receiving antibiotics would be found out. | 34 | page=34,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What type of patients are characterized by prolonged major invasive procedures and repeat multiple antibiotics? | Immuno-compromised +/- many co-morbid conditions | Implementation: Defining patient type: Do Risk Stratification for each patient’s type TYPE 1 TYPE2 TYPE 3 Health Care Contact Procedures Antibiotic Rx History Patients Characteristics No No No in last 90 days Young – No co- morbid conditions Yes Minimum Yes in last 90 days Elderly Few co-morbid conditions Prolonged Major invasive procedures Repeat multiple antibiotics Immuno-compromised +/- many co-morbid conditions | 371 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | Implementation: Defining patient type: Do Risk Stratification for each patient’s type TYPE 1 TYPE2 TYPE 3 Health Care Contact Procedures Antibiotic Rx History Patients Characteristics No No No in last 90 days Young – No co- morbid conditions Yes Minimum Yes in last 90 days Elderly Few co-morbid conditions Prolonged Major invasive procedures Repeat multiple antibiotics Immuno-compromised +/- many co-morbid conditions | 45 | page=45,block=1 | 0.700 | |
| What are Antibiotics? | considered as wondered drug, but its irrational use & often inappropriate prescriptions makes it as abused drugs sometimes | Antimicrobial resistance is an issue of great significance for public health at the global level. Antibiotics are considered as wondered drug, but its irrational use & often inappropriate prescriptions makes it as abused drugs sometimes. The pathogens causing acute illness are showing resistance to antibiotics & pose a great threat to public health. | 114 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769335106_National-Policy-for-AMR-Containment-in-India.pdf | Antibiotics are considered as wondered drug, but its irrational use & often inappropriate prescriptions makes it as abused drugs sometimes. | 41 | page=41,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 0.700 |
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| 31 |
| page=31,block=13 |
| 0.700 |
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| 38 |
| page=38,block=6 |
| 0.700 |
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| page=16,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
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