| What defines an adequate stool sample for AFP surveillance? | one collected within 14 days of onset. | Stool samples can be collected within 60 days of onset of paralysis; however, an adequate sample is defined as one collected within 14 days of onset. The second sample is collected at least 24 hours apart after the first specimen in view of intermittent shedding of the poliovirus. | 111 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Stool samples can be collected within 60 days of onset of paralysis; however, an adequate sample is defined as one collected within 14 days of onset. The second sample is collected at least 24 hours apart after the first specimen in view of intermittent shedding of the poliovirus. | 53 | page=53,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What defines epidemiologically-linked cases in an outbreak investigation? | additional suspected cases captured on line listing forms but without specimens collected are epi linked if they are part of a lab- confirmed outbreak | b. Discarded Non-Measles Non-Rubella (NMNR) case - A suspected case that has been investigated and discarded as non-measles and non-rubella by: • Laboratory result negative for measles and rubella, through serum sample testing in a proficient laboratory; and • No epidemiological linkage to another confirmed measles or rubella case. c. Laboratory-confirmed measles • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as measles. d. Laboratory-confirmed rubella • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as rubella. e. Epidemiologically-linked cases • As a part of an outbreak investigation, additional suspected cases captured on line listing forms but without specimens collected are epi linked if they are part of a lab- confirmed outbreak f. | 736 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Epidemiologically-linked cases • As a part of an outbreak investigation, additional suspected cases captured on line listing forms but without specimens collected are epi linked if they are part of a lab- confirmed outbreak f. |
| What evidence is required to classify a VDPV as circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV)? | evidence from human and/or environmental detections of genetically linked VDPVs | Vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPVs) are strains of poliovirus that have genetically mutated from the strain contained in the oral polio vaccine. VDPVs have been classified as: 1. Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV) - is a VDPV demonstrating person-to- person transmission in the community based on evidence from human and/or environmental detections of genetically linked VDPVs a. From at least two individuals (not necessarily AFP cases), who are not direct (i.e. household) contacts; b. from one individual and one or more environmental surveillance (ES) samples; c. from two or more ES samples if they were collected at more than one distinct ES collection site (no overlapping of catchment areas), or from one site if collection was more than two months apart. 2. | 308 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV) - is a VDPV demonstrating person-to- person transmission in the community based on evidence from human and/or environmental detections of genetically linked VDPVs a. |
| What is passive surveillance in the context of VPD surveillance? | when data/reports are sent by designated health facilities or individuals on their own, periodically as a routine | Passive Surveillance: when data/reports are sent by designated health facilities or individuals on their own, periodically as a routine. b. Active Surveillance: when a designated official, usually external to the health facility visits periodically and seeks to collect data from individuals or registers, logbooks, medical records at a facility to ensure that no reports/data are incomplete or missing. Lab Results Type of virus Reported as OPV-like or Sabin-like (SL), or nOPV2-like Vaccine strain poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3 SL1, SL2, SL3, nOPV2-like Wild poliovirus Wild poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3 WPV1, WPV2, and WPV3 Vaccine-derived poliovirus Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3 VDPV1, VDPV2, VDPV3 Non-polio Enteroviruses Non-polio Enteroviruses NPEV No virus isolated No virus isolated Negative | 22 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Passive Surveillance: when data/reports are sent by designated health facilities or individuals on their own, periodically as a routine. | 55 |
| What is required for a case to be classified as laboratory-confirmed measles? | A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as measles. | b. Discarded Non-Measles Non-Rubella (NMNR) case - A suspected case that has been investigated and discarded as non-measles and non-rubella by: • Laboratory result negative for measles and rubella, through serum sample testing in a proficient laboratory; and • No epidemiological linkage to another confirmed measles or rubella case. c. Laboratory-confirmed measles • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as measles. d. Laboratory-confirmed rubella • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as rubella. e. Epidemiologically-linked cases • As a part of an outbreak investigation, additional suspected cases captured on line listing forms but without specimens collected are epi linked if they are part of a lab- confirmed outbreak f. | 368 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Laboratory-confirmed measles • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as measles. d. |
| What is required for a case to be classified as laboratory-confirmed rubella? | A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as rubella. | b. Discarded Non-Measles Non-Rubella (NMNR) case - A suspected case that has been investigated and discarded as non-measles and non-rubella by: • Laboratory result negative for measles and rubella, through serum sample testing in a proficient laboratory; and • No epidemiological linkage to another confirmed measles or rubella case. c. Laboratory-confirmed measles • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as measles. d. Laboratory-confirmed rubella • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as rubella. e. Epidemiologically-linked cases • As a part of an outbreak investigation, additional suspected cases captured on line listing forms but without specimens collected are epi linked if they are part of a lab- confirmed outbreak f. | 531 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Laboratory-confirmed rubella • A case that meets the suspected measles case definition and is laboratory (serologically or virologically) confirmed as rubella. e. |
| What is the definition of Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPVs)? | strains of poliovirus that have genetically mutated from the strain contained in the oral polio vaccine | Vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPVs) are strains of poliovirus that have genetically mutated from the strain contained in the oral polio vaccine. VDPVs have been classified as: 1. Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV) - is a VDPV demonstrating person-to- person transmission in the community based on evidence from human and/or environmental detections of genetically linked VDPVs a. From at least two individuals (not necessarily AFP cases), who are not direct (i.e. household) contacts; b. from one individual and one or more environmental surveillance (ES) samples; c. from two or more ES samples if they were collected at more than one distinct ES collection site (no overlapping of catchment areas), or from one site if collection was more than two months apart. 2. | 39 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPVs) are strains of poliovirus that have genetically mutated from the strain contained in the oral polio vaccine. | 59 | page=59,block=2 |
| What is the elimination goal for measles and rubella in India? | Zero endemic measles and rubella transmission for ≥12 months | 12. Suspected Measles & Rubella Cases: Surveillance, Sample Collection & Transport India is committed to the elimination goal of measles and rubella (MR) in line with the WHO South- East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) goal of eliminating both diseases where Elimination means: • Zero endemic measles and rubella transmission for ≥12 months • With high-quality surveillance to confirm absence of transmission To achieve this, India must conduct highly sensitive case-based fever-rash surveillance including active search for cases that meet specific WHO standards. Suspected MR (Fever Rash) Surveillance - Any person with acute fever and maulopapular (Non - Vesicular) rash OR any person in whom a clinician or health worker suspects measles or rubella infection. | 277 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | Suspected Measles & Rubella Cases: Surveillance, Sample Collection & Transport India is committed to the elimination goal of measles and rubella (MR) in line with the WHO South- East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) goal of eliminating both diseases where Elimination means: • Zero endemic measles and rubella transmission for ≥12 months • With high-quality surveillance to confirm absence of transmission To achieve this, India must conduct highly sensitive case-based fever-rash surveillance including active search for cases that meet specific WHO standards. |
| What is the format of the EPID number? | Country-State-District Code-Year of paralysis onset- Case No. | a. Use a clean plastic screw-cap container to collect fresh stool from the child’s diapers or get the child to defecate onto a clean paper. b. A label with name, EPID number, specimen number and date of sample collection should be pasted on the side of the container (Table 5). c. The EPID Number is in the format - Country-State-District Code-Year of paralysis onset- Case No. (Example: IND-UP-LNO-25-002). d. The stool collection kit and stool shipment carrier with frozen ice packs should be provided to the family so that they can collect samples from the child in case the child is at home or to be given to hospital staff if case is in a hospital. e. Collect a volume of stool about the size of one adult thumb size (8 grams). | 316 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | The EPID Number is in the format - Country-State-District Code-Year of paralysis onset- Case No. (Example: IND-UP-LNO-25-002). | 53 | page=53,block=11 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the purpose of the Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance Information Management System (VSIMS)? | case-based surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) | The Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance Information Management System (VSIMS) is the national platform for case-based surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). It integrates reporting, case investigation, sample collaction, laboratory confirmation, and program monitoring into a single digital system. District Surveillance Officers (DSOs), Medical Officers, laboratory personnel, and program managers are expected to use VSIMS as the primary tool for recording, managing, and analyzing VPD surveillance data (Figure 7). | 113 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1785229413_OG_VPD%20Surveillance_15.07.26.pdf | The Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance Information Management System (VSIMS) is the national platform for case-based surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). | 77 | page=77,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |