724 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Village Survey of BIR, Part-VI- No-25, Volume-XX, Himachal Pradesh, published by censusindia.gov.in. The source is a 76-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include himachal pradesh, mandi sadar tehsil, mandi district, rajputs, chamars, land reforms act 1955, agriculture, social structure. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 487 factual, 86 list, 59 definition, 53 summary, 34 relationship, 5 comparison. 237 of the 724 pairs (32.7%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 487 are factual or table-based questions. 98.48% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 724 question-and-answer pairs derived from the Village Survey of Bir, Himachal Pradesh, as part of the 1961 Census. The survey provides detailed insights into the social structure, cultural practices, agricultural methods, and economic conditions of the village. It includes information on local traditions, such as the Chhat ceremony, the significance of ornaments, and the use of bamboo containers for storing grains. The dataset also highlights the village's population distribution, housing materials, and the impact of land reforms and other legislative measures on social and economic processes.
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df = desidata.load("censusindia-gov-in-b3274fbf2e7e8ab3119e0faecc93251f")
df.head()First 10 of 724 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What distinguishes the Chakchundar-Musk rat from an ordinary rat? | its long snout, very small eyes, comparatively short tail, small ears and 'bluish grey fur | more active in springing than tiger. They are more courageous, and more independent of water. Their prey consists of practically any- thing they can capture, and they will often keep a part of the kill-up in a tree. Bandar-Rhesus monkey-Innus or Maca ... eus rhesus-Short, close side whispers, no beared, hair on head lying straight back, tail not more than half length of head and body. Coat brown becoming redder or yel- lower behind. Face and other bare parts flesh-coloured or red. Chakchundar-Musk rat-Distinguished from an ordinary rat by its long snout, very small eyes, comparatively short tail, small ears and 'bluish grey fur. The snout, ears, feet, and tail are flesh coloured, and about four inches. The musk-rat has been knOiWn to eat bread, and to tackle a large frog and a scorpian. | 545 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Chakchundar-Musk rat-Distinguished from an ordinary rat by its long snout, very small eyes, comparatively short tail, small ears and 'bluish grey fur. | 12 | page=12,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the Ghar Jwantru or Kamsi type of marriage? | the bride-groom serves in the house of thE: bride's parents | .of the bride. When asked whether such contracts involve disputes, the villagers in- formed that there is every possibility, but there existed .no such case in the village. The liklihood of the dispute is that the one ·of the parties backs out and then it becomes .impossible to keep up the other claims intact. The position can become really difficult if one or more marriages in the series have already materialised. Ghar Jwantru or Kamsi-In this type of marriage, the bride-groom serves in the house of thE: bride's parents. The period is agreed upon oy mutual consent. On com- pletion of this period which is' generally ab9ut eight years, the bride-groom becomes entitled to his bride. Only one such case -exists in the village among Chamars. The villagers infolimed that this form of mar- riage is hardly popular as there is every liklihood of breaches. it is on the .decline. | 467 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Ghar Jwantru or Kamsi-In this type of marriage, the bride-groom serves in the house of thE: bride's parents. | 25 | page=25,block=0 | ||
| What is the Kan bala ornament and what is its weight range? | An ear-ring of big size. A pair weighs two to four tolas. | It is faste:qed 'to the hair by means of a chain. It rests on the fore-head. The weight of the ornament is one to one and a half tolas. ORNAMENTS FOR EAR Jhumku-An,other type of ear'-rings of silver weighing one to two tolas. Kan bala-An ear-ring of big size. A pair weighs two to four tolas. Kan balyan-A set of 4 to 5 small ear- rings worn in each ear. These are silver ornaments and a set weighs 4 to 6 tolas. Kan-phul-A bunch of silver flowers weighing one to one and a half tala. Kante-Another type of ear-rings of gold. A pair weighs half to one tala. | 235 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Kan bala-An ear-ring of big size. A pair weighs two to four tolas. Kan balyan-A set of 4 to 5 small ear- rings worn in each ear. | 20 | page=20,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the Kan balyan ornament and how many are worn in each ear? | A set of 4 to 5 small ear- rings worn in each ear. | It is faste:qed 'to the hair by means of a chain. It rests on the fore-head. The weight of the ornament is one to one and a half tolas. ORNAMENTS FOR EAR Jhumku-An,other type of ear'-rings of silver weighing one to two tolas. Kan bala-An ear-ring of big size. A pair weighs two to four tolas. Kan balyan-A set of 4 to 5 small ear- rings worn in each ear. These are silver ornaments and a set weighs 4 to 6 tolas. Kan-phul-A bunch of silver flowers weighing one to one and a half tala. Kante-Another type of ear-rings of gold. A pair weighs half to one tala. | 304 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Kan balyan-A set of 4 to 5 small ear- rings worn in each ear. These are silver ornaments and a set weighs 4 to 6 tolas. | 20 | page=20,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the Kan-phul ornament and what does it resemble? | A bunch of silver flowers weighing one to one and a half tala. | It is faste:qed 'to the hair by means of a chain. It rests on the fore-head. The weight of the ornament is one to one and a half tolas. ORNAMENTS FOR EAR Jhumku-An,other type of ear'-rings of silver weighing one to two tolas. Kan bala-An ear-ring of big size. A pair weighs two to four tolas. Kan balyan-A set of 4 to 5 small ear- rings worn in each ear. These are silver ornaments and a set weighs 4 to 6 tolas. Kan-phul-A bunch of silver flowers weighing one to one and a half tala. Kante-Another type of ear-rings of gold. A pair weighs half to one tala. | 422 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Kan-phul-A bunch of silver flowers weighing one to one and a half tala. Kante-Another type of ear-rings of gold. | 20 | page=20,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the Kantha ornament and what is its weight range? | a heavy ty:r:;e of necklace of silver. It has various designs and weighs 15 to 25 tolas. | Bala-A big nosle-ring of silver. It weighs three to five tolas. Balu-A small ring of gold. It is studded with small imitation pearls. It weighs one to one and a half tola. Laung-A sort of bigger tilli with a bigger top studded with three or four imitation stones. Ti~li-A tiny cylinder of gold studded with a tiny imitation pearl at one~end. 1--- ORNAMENTS FOR NECR Jantar-In fact it is no't an ornament. It is a small thin rectangular container of a tawiz. It is made of silver or bronze sheet. It is worn eith'er round the neck or round the arm. Kantha-Another name for it is 'Har'. It is a heavy ty:r:;e of necklace of silver. It has various designs and weighs 15 to 25 tolas. Kanthi--An ornament worn tight around the neck. It has also various designs, and weighs one to one and a half tala. Locket-A lighter type of necklace of silver or gold. It weighs one to two tolas. | 591 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | It is a heavy ty:r:;e of necklace of silver. It has various designs and weighs 15 to 25 tolas. Kanthi--An ornament worn tight around the neck. | ||||
| What is the Mandla made of in the houses of Rajputs? | a big piece of Sit one, chiselled into three stepped slabs | to the ridge. The joint at the ridge is cover- ed by giving over-lap over the slates fixed in the opposite slope. The houses in the vil- lages are generally without ceiling. This is followed by work in the interior of the house. Both sides of the walls are plas- tered with thick layer of clay mixed with cow dung. When dry, white washing of makol is done. In a few houses, loshti is ap- plied in the lower portion of walls in the interior side. Mandla & Kyari-In the housesl of Rajputs, a Mandla is provided in the centre of the court-yard. Mandla is a big piece of Sit one, chiselled into three stepped slabs. Its base and top 'are fiat with square surface. The upper-most slab is the smallest in size and lo,wer-mos-t, the biggest. On one side of the upper most slab, an image of Ganesha is carved. Mandla is worshipped daily by a married woman, in the mor.ning. A :fiew houses have Kyari. | 552 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Mandla is a big piece of Sit one, chiselled into three stepped slabs. | 16 | page=16,block=11 | ||
| What is the Snangan ornament and what unique feature does it have? | Solid round bracelets of silver with some pattern like the lion head at the ends. | ORNAMENTS FOR WRIS'i' Bangan-Ordinary glass bangles. Karohhu-Round hollow bracelets iike Snangan. A pair weighs five to ten tolas. Snangan-Solid round bracelets of silver with some pattern like the lion head at the ends. A pair weighs ten to fifteen tolas. MISCELLANEOUS ORNAMENTS Arsi-A silver thumb-ring with a train- gular Or round looking glass fixed on a sil- ver sllab of the same shape. It weighs H to 2 tolas. Dand-Khurkni-A silver tooth prick. Kan-Khurkrvi-Thin silver bar with its one end shaped like a small spoon. It is used for extracting the ears wax. Mundri-Gold Or silver finger ring of half to one tala. N anties-Small ear-rings of gold worn by the men. Panzeb-Silver anklets twelve to fifteen tolas in weight. Phul-Silver rings for toes. Utensils In Bir. both earthen and metallic utensils are used. | 139 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Snangan-Solid round bracelets of silver with some pattern like the lion head at the ends. A pair weighs ten to fifteen tolas. | 20 | page=20,block=15 | ||
| What is the Teek ornament and what is it studded with? | a silver or gold ornament trian- gular in shape. It -is studded with a trian- gular mirror. | and heavy. Excepting a few light orna- ments of gold, all ar(1 made of silver. With the passage of time, liking for lighter orna- ments of new desd.gns is developing and the traditionally heavy pieces are going out of uSle. The ornaments are purchased from Man- di where a number of gold and sHver-smiths have their shops. The ornaments commonly used are;- Chauk-This is a hemispherical hollow ornament made of silver with designs em- bossed all round it. It -is worn by all married ladies, young Or old, at the top of the head. It weighs four to six tolas. Clip--A silver or brass hair pin fastened just above the ears. These keep the hair in place. Shingar Patti or Dora-A silver or gold or- nament worn round the forehead. It is a chain of small fiat beads. It weights three to four tolas. Teek-Is a silver or gold ornament trian- gular in shape. It -is studded with a trian- gular mirror. | 801 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | Teek-Is a silver or gold ornament trian- gular in shape. It -is studded with a trian- gular mirror. | 20 | |||
| What is the characteristic fit of a suthan? | tight at the anklets and a hit loose over the thighs | like to adorn the border of dopatta with twinkling half moons and stars of metal. Shawl and Pattu-Shawl may be of pash- mina or wool, and may have borders of black, blue or red colours. Some women wear pattus of black and white checks in winter. Kameez-A shirt with collars and sleeves like men's shirts. It has buttons in the front and a side pocket. The young women prefer shirts like those- worn in cities. The cloth used is printed or plain. Koti-A waist coat with the back of the same cloth. It is made of woollen cloth or knitting wool which they purchase f;om MandL Salwar-The young women wear Salwar. The· pattern and the cut of the Salwar is the same as elsewhere. The cloth used is of coarse, cheaper and of inferior quality. Coloured cloth is preferred. Suthan-Suthan is popular among oid women. It is tight at the anklets and a hit loose over the thighs. | 813 | definition | 1.000 | https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32937/download/36118/23183_1961_BIR.pdf | It is tight at the anklets and a hit loose over the thighs. | 19 | page=19,block=17 | 0.700 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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