| What are zoonoses described as in terms of their occurrence and impact? | endemic, epidemic-prone and every few years strike as public health emergencies of international concern | 24th-27th November, 2021 5TH WCDM 5TH WCDM ICMR Page Zoonoses, Disasters and One Health Dr Rajesh Bhatia Former: Director National Institute of Biologicals, MoHFW, Govt of India, NOIDA Director, Communicable Diseases, WHO Region for South-East Asia, New Delhi Consultant / advisor with WHO, FAO, UNEP and EcoHealth Alliance, NY, USA. Abstract Zoonoses (diseases originating from animals) are endemic, epidemic-prone and every few years strike as public health emergencies of international concern. Few zoonoses are known but many remain unknown and unpredictable. Zoonoses cause huge morbidity, mortality, economic loss and social chaos leading to a setback to ongoing efforts towards human development. Of 1415 pathogens causing infections in humans, 61% have arisen from animals. Around 1 billion cases of zoonotic diseases with 1 million deaths are estimated every year. | 392 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | Abstract Zoonoses (diseases originating from animals) are endemic, epidemic-prone and every few years strike as public health emergencies of international concern. | 32 | page=32,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does biosurveillance track in humans, animals, and plants? | the occu rance of bacteria, viruses and other disease causing agents among the human, animal and plants. | Biosurveillance is defined as process that monitors the occu rance of bacteria, viruses and other disease causing agents among the human, animal and plants. The biosurveillance is a concept that is multidimentional, multi discilipinary, multi organizational and highly data incentive. The whole concept of biosurveillance is highly complex and time and knowledge intensive. The resources that are invested by a country in a robust biosurveillance program for biological agents will decide on the effective management of any disease outbreaks as a efficient biosurveillance will help in rapid identification and containment. Bioterrorism/Biowar fare is emerging as the most important global threat of the new millennium. There is a need for on-site automatic sensing system for the detection and identification of airborne biological agents to mitigate any biological attack. | 52 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | Biosurveillance is defined as process that monitors the occu rance of bacteria, viruses and other disease causing agents among the human, animal and plants. The biosurveillance is a concept that is multidimentional, multi discilipinary, multi organizational and highly data incentive. |
| What does the Biological Weapons Convention ban the development of? | biological agents and toxins “of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes. ” | The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) bans the development of biological agents and toxins “of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes. ” It entered into force in 1975, and is the first multilateral treaty that banned an entire category of weapons of mass destruction. Although COVID is not considered a biological weapon, it has brought to the fore and made people think about the connection between naturally occurring events and deliberate events in the bio field. The rapid advances in technology, the increased global capability to create and engineer pathogens that could cause a pandemic, and the interest of influential actors—both states and non-state actors- in biological weapons have increased the risk of a catastrophic biological event. | 64 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) bans the development of biological agents and toxins “of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes. ” It entered into force in 1975, and is the first multilateral treaty that banned an entire category of weapons of mass destruction. |
| What does the One Health approach avoid in terms of program development? | creating a new or a vertical program | WHO estimates that each year worldwide, unsafe food causes 600 million cases of food borne diseases and 4,20,000 deaths. Almost all pandemics of the current millennium have originated from wildlife. These numbers are not constant. Wildlife is home to more than 850,000 viruses of which ~20,000 are corona viruses. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is due to just one corona virus. COVID-19 is neither the first nor the last pandemic. Next pandemic is imminent and will soon arise from animals. Management of zoo noses requires One Health approach. One Health does not imply creating a new or a vertical program. | 570 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | One Health does not imply creating a new or a vertical program. | 32 | page=32,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the Ariadne Labs Global Mass Vaccination Site Collaborative? | a joint center for health systems innovation at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. | 5TH WCDM 5TH WCDM ICMR Page 24th-27th November, 2021 Biography Eric Goralnick, MD, MS serves as Medical Director, Access and Network Development, Brigham and Women’s Hospital. During the COVID 19 Pandemic, he has worked clinically in the Emergency Department, serves as Co-Lead of The Mass General Brigham System Wide Capacity Task Force and Medical Director for multiple Vaccination Sites including Gillette Stadium, the Reggie Lewis Cen ter, and the Hynes Convention Center. He is also the Principal Investigator for the Ariadne Labs Global Mass Vaccination Site Collaborative, a joint center for health systems innovation at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. He is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine at Harvard Med ical School. | 580 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | He is also the Principal Investigator for the Ariadne Labs Global Mass Vaccination Site Collaborative, a joint center for health systems innovation at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. He is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine at Harvard Med ical School. |
| What is the Sendai framework described as in the context of disaster management? | valuable instrument for disaster management under the UN | Several examples being the One Health concept, Global Health Security Agenda, International Health Regulations, Biological Weapons Convention creation of the SAGO and Pandemic insurance initiative of the World Bank. Further, biological disaster management approaches are also being strengthened at a national and international level. The Sendai framework is valuable instrument for disaster management under the UN and current events have accelerated the need to recognize biorisk, biosecurity and bio-disaster management as prioritized agenda in national health agenda of state to reduce risk and build resilient health systems. The talk will discuss these different challenges and way head in the complex arena of biological disasters from risk assessment to governance and mitigation. | 358 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | The Sendai framework is valuable instrument for disaster management under the UN and current events have accelerated the need to recognize biorisk, biosecurity and bio-disaster management as prioritized agenda in national health agenda of state to reduce risk and build resilient health systems. |
| What is the focus of the Health System Transformation Platform? | a think tank on Health Policy and Systems | 5TH WCDM 5TH WCDM ICMR Page 24th-27th November, 2021 Dr Rajeev Sadanandan Biography Rajeev Sadanandan is the CEO of Health System Transformation Platform, a think tank on Health Policy and Systems. He has worked as health secretary of Kerala state, CEO of Rashtriy Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), India’s national social health insurance programme in addition to holding many other positions in state and central governments. Rajeev worked for a brief stint in UNAIDS and has been a member of technical committees set up by UNAIDS and WHO. He was a member of the external Editorial Committee of the WHO Report on Cancer and is currently one of the Commissioners on the Lancet Global Health Commission on Financing Primary Health Care. | 155 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | 5TH WCDM 5TH WCDM ICMR Page 24th-27th November, 2021 Dr Rajeev Sadanandan Biography Rajeev Sadanandan is the CEO of Health System Transformation Platform, a think tank on Health Policy and Systems. | 9 | page=9,block=0 | 0.700 |
| What is the goal of the global public health consortium being formed? | creating an infectious disease epidemiology net work | To address these challenges, we are establish ing a global public health consortium comprising of ministries of health and academic institutions. This collaborative global program will focus on creating an infectious disease epidemiology net work and has three main objectives: (1) develop a model realizing and extending the goals of the International Health Regulations established by the WHO in 2005 by providing inexpen sive, rapid tools for diagnosis discovery, and surveillance of infectious diseases, (2) identify and prioritize infectious agents based on pandemic risk, and (3) share data and build the infra structure needed to produce, validate and implement drugs and vaccines to reduce morbidity and mortality. | 194 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | This collaborative global program will focus on creating an infectious disease epidemiology net work and has three main objectives: (1) develop a model realizing and extending the goals of the International Health Regulations established by the WHO in 2005 by providing inexpen sive, rapid tools for diagnosis discovery, and surveillance of infectious diseases, (2) identify and prioritize infectious agents based on pandemic risk, and (3) share data and build the infra structure needed to produce, validate and implement drugs and vaccines to reduce morbidity and mortality. |
| What type of approach is emphasized as critical for improving infectious disease monitoring? | a fundamentally different “One Health” approach | Abstract During this presentation, I will share our recent results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have spilled over from human hosts to free-living White-Tailed deer in North America. I will also sha reevidence that deer are transmitting the virus amongst themselves at astonishing levels. These findings suggest that deer are potential reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, where the virus may evolve, spillover to other free-living susceptible animals including through spillback to humans. Taken together, these findings have important implications for the long-term trajectory of the cur rent pandemic and highlight an urgent need for a fundamentally different “One Health” approach to infectious disease surveillance to better predict, prevent, or control the current and future pan demics. Biography | 630 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | Taken together, these findings have important implications for the long-term trajectory of the cur rent pandemic and highlight an urgent need for a fundamentally different “One Health” approach to infectious disease surveillance to better predict, prevent, or control the current and future pan demics. |
| Why is the concept of biosurveillance considered complex? | highly complex and time and knowledge intensive | Biosurveillance is defined as process that monitors the occu rance of bacteria, viruses and other disease causing agents among the human, animal and plants. The biosurveillance is a concept that is multidimentional, multi discilipinary, multi organizational and highly data incentive. The whole concept of biosurveillance is highly complex and time and knowledge intensive. The resources that are invested by a country in a robust biosurveillance program for biological agents will decide on the effective management of any disease outbreaks as a efficient biosurveillance will help in rapid identification and containment. Bioterrorism/Biowar fare is emerging as the most important global threat of the new millennium. There is a need for on-site automatic sensing system for the detection and identification of airborne biological agents to mitigate any biological attack. | 325 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/pdf/downloadable-books/WCDM_2021_Abstract_Book.pdf | The whole concept of biosurveillance is highly complex and time and knowledge intensive. | 16 | page=16,block=0 |