13 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from 1725952351 ent epistaxis, published by icmr.gov.in. The source is a 1-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include standard treatment workflow, icd-10-r04.0, hemoglobin level, coagulation profile, complete blood count, anterior rhinoscopy, endoscopy, oral hematinics. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 11 factual, 2 definition. 2 of the 13 pairs (15.4%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 11 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 13 extractive question-and-answer pairs focused on epistaxis (nosebleeds), derived from a single-page publication by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The questions address topics such as diagnostic procedures, treatment workflows, and common causes of epistaxis. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability. The dataset includes both factual and definition-based questions, with explanatory questions making up 15.4% of the total. Key medical terms and procedures, such as anterior rhinoscopy, nasal packing, and selective embolization, are highlighted.
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
# Set DD_TOKEN in your environment first (create a free token in Profile & settings).
import desidata
df = desidata.load("www-icmr-gov-in-38326ddc97d44188e4cd82aa526f3595")
df.head()First 10 of 13 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is Poterior nasal packing if bleeding? | not controlled with above measures 6 | Tamponade of bleeders by anterior nasal packing/ epistaxis balloon 5. Poterior nasal packing if bleeding is not controlled with above measures 6. Antibiotic prophylaxis and hospitalizarion is recommended after nasal packing 7. | 108 | definition | 0.980 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Poterior nasal packing if bleeding is not controlled with above measures 6. | 1 | page=1,block=38 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Selective embolization? | an alternative to surgery 10 | 9. Selective embolization is an alternative to surgery 10. Address identified etiology, if any | 29 | definition | 0.980 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Selective embolization is an alternative to surgery 10. | 1 | page=1,block=38 | 0.850 | valid |
| What diagnostic procedure is suggested to confirm the cause of nasal bleeding? | Repeat anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to know/confim the cause of bleeding | 1. Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin 2. Repeat anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to know/confim the cause of bleeding 3. Oral hematinics to be considered if needed CLINICAL SCENARIOS Acute bleeding from the nose after physical trauma/ barotrauma/ nose picking/ physical exertion. Acute bleeding from the nose in hypertensive / hematological disorders. Acute bleeding from the nose without any obvious cause. Features suggestive of neoplasia . Unilateral bleeding . Nasal obstruction .Visual/orbital symptoms . Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile | 67 | factual | 0.570 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin 2. Repeat anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to know/confim the cause of bleeding 3. | 1 | page=1,block=10 | ||
| What is recommended for nasal lubrication after acute bleeding from the nose? | Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin | 1. Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin 2. Repeat anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to know/confim the cause of bleeding 3. Oral hematinics to be considered if needed CLINICAL SCENARIOS Acute bleeding from the nose after physical trauma/ barotrauma/ nose picking/ physical exertion. Acute bleeding from the nose in hypertensive / hematological disorders. Acute bleeding from the nose without any obvious cause. Features suggestive of neoplasia . Unilateral bleeding . Nasal obstruction .Visual/orbital symptoms . Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile | 3 | factual | 0.570 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | 1. Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin 2. | 1 | page=1,block=10 | 0.700 | |
| What is the common cause of epistaxis in children? | mucosal drying by dry air | 1. Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. 2. Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. Initial non-invasive methods may suffice in a large majority of patients. CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 89 | factual | 0.570 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. | 1 | page=1,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the purpose of anterior rhinoscopy or endoscopy in nasal bleeding cases? | to look for source of bleeding (scanty/moderate) | • Local examination by anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to look for source of bleeding (scanty/moderate). • Little’s area bleeder/clot/congestion • Sharp septal spur • Congested nasal mucosa as in URTI • General physical examination to evaluate other systems (Cardiovascular/Lower Respiratory/Neurological) clinically. | 54 | factual | 0.570 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | • Local examination by anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to look for source of bleeding (scanty/moderate). | 1 | page=1,block=30 | 0.700 | valid |
| What should be done if nasal bleeding persists despite nasal packing? | To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level | 1. Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin 2. Repeat anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to know/confim the cause of bleeding 3. Oral hematinics to be considered if needed CLINICAL SCENARIOS Acute bleeding from the nose after physical trauma/ barotrauma/ nose picking/ physical exertion. Acute bleeding from the nose in hypertensive / hematological disorders. Acute bleeding from the nose without any obvious cause. Features suggestive of neoplasia . Unilateral bleeding . Nasal obstruction .Visual/orbital symptoms . Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile | 688 | factual | 0.570 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile | ||||
| Where does epistaxis in adults often arise from? | posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate | 1. Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. 2. Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. Initial non-invasive methods may suffice in a large majority of patients. CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 183 | factual | 0.570 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. | 1 | page=1,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| What imaging technique is suggested to rule out aneurysmal bleeding following trauma? | DSA | 1. Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin 2. Repeat anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to know/confim the cause of bleeding 3. Oral hematinics to be considered if needed CLINICAL SCENARIOS Acute bleeding from the nose after physical trauma/ barotrauma/ nose picking/ physical exertion. Acute bleeding from the nose in hypertensive / hematological disorders. Acute bleeding from the nose without any obvious cause. Features suggestive of neoplasia . Unilateral bleeding . Nasal obstruction .Visual/orbital symptoms . Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile | 682 | factual | 0.490 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile | ||||
| What is the recommended position for bidigital compression of the nose during bleeding? | Trotter’s position | STEP-WISE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLE 1. Ensure patent airway/ avoid aspiration by head down/lateral positioning 2. Restore hemodynamic stability by intravenous fluid replacement/ transfusion 3. Control bleeding/bleeder by • Bidigital compression of nose for 10 minutes in Trotter’s position (cotton pledgets soaked in 4% xylocaine with adrenaline may be used) • Short term tab labetalol will take care of uncontrolled hypertension • Chemical/electrocauterization of bleeder in Little’s area 4. Tamponade of bleeders by anterior nasal packing/ epistaxis balloon 5. Poterior nasal packing if bleeding is not controlled with above measures 6. Antibiotic prophylaxis and hospitalizarion is recommended after nasal packing 7. H2blockers/ PPI to be given in case of blood aspiration to avoid gastritis 8. | 266 | factual | 0.490 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1725952351_ent_epistaxis.pdf | Control bleeding/bleeder by • Bidigital compression of nose for 10 minutes in Trotter’s position (cotton pledgets soaked in 4% xylocaine with adrenaline may be used) • Short term tab labetalol will take care of uncontrolled hypertension • Chemical/electrocauterization of bleeder in Little’s area 4. |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=10 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=10 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=38 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |