| What does Grade A indicate in the classification of neurological injury? | Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes may persist | 11 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes | 3 | page=3,block=14 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does Grade B indicate in the classification of neurological injury? | Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preserved | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes may persist | 113 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes |
| What does Grade C indicate in the classification of neurological injury? | Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes may persist | 256 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes |
| What does Grade D indicate in the classification of neurological injury? | Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes may persist | 403 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | • Grade A: Complete neurological injury - No motor or sensory function detected below level of lesion • Grade B: Preserved sensation only - No motor function detected below level of lesion, some sensory function below level of lesion preservedژ • Grade C: Preserved motor, nonfunctional - Some voluntary motor function preserved below level of lesion but too weak to serve any useful purpose • Grade D: Preserved motor, Functionally useful voluntary motor function below level of injury • Grade E: Normal motor function - Normal motor and sensory function below level of lesion, abnormal reflexes |
| What is the classification for a spine injury lasting between three weeks and three months? | Subacute 3 weeks - 3 months | DEFINITION • Injury to any of the following -Vertebral Column and it’s adnexae (disc, ligaments, facets etc) -Spinal cord (Partial/ Complete) -Cauda Equina and nerve roots • Acute <3 weeks • Subacute 3 weeks - 3 months • Chronic >3 months • Always rule out spine injury in patients with poly-trauma, especially if unconscious • Ascertain pain in the neck, back or limbs • Rapid sensorimotor examination- ability to move fingers, hands, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, toes • Priapism (in unconscious/unresponsive) SYMPTOMS: • Pain (neck or back) • Inability to move the limbs • Numbness • Breathing difficulty • Inability to void and defecate | 191 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | DEFINITION • Injury to any of the following -Vertebral Column and it’s adnexae (disc, ligaments, facets etc) -Spinal cord (Partial/ Complete) -Cauda Equina and nerve roots • Acute <3 weeks • Subacute 3 weeks - 3 months • Chronic >3 months • Always rule out spine injury in patients with poly-trauma, especially if unconscious • Ascertain pain in the neck, back or limbs • Rapid sensorimotor examination- ability to move fingers, hands, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, toes • Priapism (in unconscious/unresponsive) SYMPTOMS: • Pain (neck or back) • Inability to move the limbs • Numbness • |
| What does ICMR stand for? | Indian Council of Medical Research | July/ 2024 This STW has been prepared by national experts of India with feasibility considerations for various levels of healthcare system in the country. These broad guidelines are advisory, and are based on expert opinions and available scientific evidence. There may be variations in the management of an individual patient based on his/her specific condition, as decided by the treating physician. There will be no indemnity for direct or indirect consequences. Kindly visit the website of ICMR for more information: (icmr.gov.in) for more information. ©Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. | 558 | definition | 0.980 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | ©Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. | 2 | page=2,block=83 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does TLICS stand for? | Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity | ATLS : Advanced Trauma Life Support CT : Computed Tomography DVT : Deep Vein Thrombosis LMW : Low Molecular Weight Heparin MAP : Mean Arterial Pressure MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging SLIC : Subaxial Injury Classification SOMI : Sternal Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer TLICS : Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity TLSO : Thoracic-Lumbar-Sacral Orthosis SECONDARY CARE TERTIARY CARE PRIMARY CARE • Identify/suspect • Immobilise • Refer to higher center Where General/Orthopaedic surgeon or Neuro surgeon {trained in spine} available • Imaging: X ray/ CT SCAN • Determine neurological status • Develop treatment plan • Imaging: x-ray/CT SCAN/MRI • Surgery/ Conservative management • Rehabilitation July/ 2024 This STW has been prepared by national experts of India with feasibility considerations for various levels of healthcare system in the country. | 279 | definition | 0.980 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | ATLS : Advanced Trauma Life Support CT : Computed Tomography DVT : Deep Vein Thrombosis LMW : Low Molecular Weight Heparin MAP : Mean Arterial Pressure MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging SLIC : Subaxial Injury Classification SOMI : Sternal Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer TLICS : Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity TLSO : Thoracic-Lumbar-Sacral Orthosis SECONDARY CARE TERTIARY CARE PRIMARY CARE • Identify/suspect • Immobilise • Refer to higher center Where General/Orthopaedic surgeon or Neuro surgeon {trained in spine} available • Imaging: X ray/ CT SCAN • Determine neurological |
| What is a potential indicator for repeating an initial CT scan within 24 hours? | Persistent headache, vomiting, or restlessness | • Deterioration of GCS score • New onset or worsening focal neurological deficit • Persistent headache, vomiting, or restlessness • Bradycardia, hypertension • Abnormal initial CT SCAN (repeat at 24 hours or earlier if indicated) | 83 | relationship | 0.970 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | • Deterioration of GCS score • New onset or worsening focal neurological deficit • Persistent headache, vomiting, or restlessness • Bradycardia, hypertension • Abnormal initial CT SCAN (repeat at 24 hours or earlier if indicated) | 2 | page=2,block=86 | 0.700 | valid |
| What symptom is associated with a recent onset headache in children with open fontanelle? | Increasing head-size (children with open fontanalle) | Recent onset headache, with or without vomiting Seizures Focal deficit like monoparesis, hemiparesis Gradual vision loss (unilateral/ bilateral) Cranial nerve deficits (eg. hearing loss) Increasing head-size (children with open fontanalle) HIGH INDEX OF SUSPICION FOR BRAIN TUMOR WHEN PATIENT HAS: • Adult onset seizures • Progressive symptoms • Focal neurological deficits • Severe headache • Recurrent vomitings • Blurring of vision • Drowsy or altered sensorium • Recurrent seizures • Pupillary asymmetry – Anisocoria • Abnormal posturing • Respiratory distress , abnormal breathing patterns • Bradycardia and hypertension | 187 | relationship | 0.970 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | hearing loss) Increasing head-size (children with open fontanalle) HIGH INDEX OF SUSPICION FOR BRAIN TUMOR WHEN PATIENT HAS: • Adult onset seizures • Progressive symptoms • Focal neurological deficits • Severe headache • Recurrent vomitings • Blurring of vision • Drowsy or altered sensorium • Recurrent seizures • Pupillary asymmetry – Anisocoria • Abnormal posturing • Respiratory distress , abnormal breathing patterns • Bradycardia and hypertension |
| Which ministry is associated with the Indian Council of Medical Research? | Ministry of Health & Family Welfare | July/ 2024 This STW has been prepared by national experts of India with feasibility considerations for various levels of healthcare system in the country. These broad guidelines are advisory, and are based on expert opinions and available scientific evidence. There may be variations in the management of an individual patient based on his/her specific condition, as decided by the treating physician. There will be no indemnity for direct or indirect consequences. Kindly visit the website of ICMR for more information: (icmr.gov.in) for more information. ©Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. | 594 | relationship | 0.970 | https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/uploads/STWs/1726645068_4_neurosurgery_all.pdf | ©Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. | 2 | page=2,block=83 | 0.700 | valid |