1027 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Second Report, published by fincomindia.nic.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 582 of the 1027 pairs (56.7%) are explanatory questions and 445 restate a figure. 91.53% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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Strong coverage with minor gaps in documentation or freshness.
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First 10 of 1,027 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the intended use of the entire amount of central loans granted for Plan assistance or other purposes? | intended to be used for Plan financing or for any other specific purpose agreed upon | 9.9 Central loans, as part of Plan assistance or for any other purpose, are determined and granted on a gross basis. The entire amount is intended to be used for Plan financing or for any other specific purpose agreed upon. The repayment of outstanding Central loans (contracted earlier) is supposed to be met out of other sources. | 138 | definition | 1.000 | The entire amount is intended to be used for Plan financing or for any other specific purpose agreed upon. | 40 | page=40,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What type of body is the Planning Commission described as? | an extra-Constitutional body and has no basis either in the Constitution or in any legislative enactment | 2.9 While using the power to give discretionary grants to the States under Article 282, the Centre has used the Planning Commission as the medium. The Planning Commission is an extra-Constitutional body and has no basis either in the Constitution or in any legislative enactment. It is purely a creation of the Union government by a resolution. | 174 | definition | 1.000 | The Planning Commission is an extra-Constitutional body and has no basis either in the Constitution or in any legislative enactment. | 54 | page=54,block=9 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is intended to raise additional resources for unexpected disasters? | intended to mobilise additional resources for unforeseen calamities | Its proceeds go entirely to the Centre and are not shareable with the States. The surcharge is intended to mobilise additional resources for unforeseen calamities. Hence, necessarily it must be for a limited time. | 95 | definition | 1.000 | The surcharge is intended to mobilise additional resources for unforeseen calamities. | 57 | page=57,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is one reason for the rise in the net interest burden on the general budget? | the creation of public debt for financing revenue expenditure which by its very nature cannot yield any direct return | One of the major causes of the rise in the net interest burden on the general budget is the poor returns on the major investments of Central and the State Governments. Another cause is the creation of public debt for financing revenue expenditure which by its very nature cannot yield any direct return. B3.9 The total public debt of the Centre and the States now constitutes about 77 per cent of GDP and the gross interest burden amounts to 4.7 per cent of GDP and the net interest burden 3.1 per cent. | 185 | definition | 1.000 | Another cause is the creation of public debt for financing revenue expenditure which by its very nature cannot yield any direct return. | 107 | page=107,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What fiscal policy principle was emphasized at the start of the planning era? | there should be positive and rising savings on government account | 2. The incurring of revenue deficits on a large scale year after year implies an infraction of one of the fundamental principles of sound public finance in any economy, particularly in a developing economy. A large revenue deficit implies dissaving on government account (though the amount of dissaving according to national accounting may be somewhat different from the figure of revenue deficit) and the use of the savings of the other domestic sectors or savings borrowed from abroad for financing government's consumption expenditure. In fact, an important principle of fiscal policy enunciated at the very beginning of the planning era was that there should be positive and rising savings on government account, i.e., increasing surplus in the revenue budget in order that government also could contribute to raising the rate of savings in the economy. | 650 | definition | 1.000 | In fact, an important principle of fiscal policy enunciated at the very beginning of the planning era was that there should be positive and rising savings on government account, i.e., increasing surplus in the revenue budget in order that government also could contribute to raising the rate of savings in the economy. | ||||
| What did the First Plan highlight about the development of public savings? | public savings, as distinguished from private savings, personal or corporate, must be developed steadily | the First Plan stated: "...... public savings, as distinguished from private savings, personal or corporate, must be developed steadily. The financing of investment through public savings would help to ensure a pattern of development in consonance with accepted social criteria" (pp. 41-42). The very principle was reiterated in the document of the Second Plan. The massive increases in taxation that have been brought about through successive Plans were intended to implement the above-mentioned principle of financing a part of public investment through the creation of revenue surpluses. we note that the principle has been gradually eroded by allowing revenue expenditures to grow faster than revenue receipts in spite of the steadily increasing tax ratio. 2. Another related disquieting feature of recent public finances in India is the rapidly growing public debt. | 31 | definition | 1.000 | the First Plan stated: "...... public savings, as distinguished from private savings, personal or corporate, must be developed steadily. | 7 | page=7,block=5 | ||
| How are the expenditure needs for general services determined? | the justifiable costs of providing an average standard of service | total normative estimates of revenue are arrived at for the year 1989-90. 2. As in the case of revenues, in regard to a substantial part of non-Plan revenue expenditures, the average behaviour has been taken as the norm. the normative estimates, which may be called the "expenditure needs", in the case of general services, have been defined as the justifiable costs of providing an average standard of service. In respect of social and economic services, needs are taken to be the | 345 | definition | 1.000 | the normative estimates, which may be called the "expenditure needs", in the case of general services, have been defined as the justifiable costs of providing an average standard of service. | 8 | page=8,block=6 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the basis for the Centre's responsibility to generate the majority of tax revenues? | the constitutional division of tax powers | This is obviously because of the restraint shown by the Centre in formulating the budget estimates of 1989-90. We are of the view that this was a step in the right direction and that we should build our projections on that lower base only. 2. We had indicated that for judging the relative tax performance of the Centre and the States, we have to consider the relative levels of revenue raised in the light of the constitutional division of tax powers. The major productive sources of revenue have been assigned to the Centre and hence the Central Government has the responsibility for raising the major part of the tax revenues. We find that, in recent years, the Centre has been raising 66-67 per cent of the combined tax revenues of the Centre and the States, i.e., around 2/3rds, with the total tax revenue/GDP ratio being near 17.5 per cent. | 410 | definition | 1.000 | We had indicated that for judging the relative tax performance of the Centre and the States, we have to consider the relative levels of revenue raised in the light of the constitutional division of tax powers. | 9 | page=9,block=3 | ||
| What does Section 22 of the Road Transport Corporation Act require of Corporations in their operations? | carry on their activities on "business principles" | 3. Section 22 of the Road Transport Corporation Act stipulates that the Corporations should carry on their activities on "business principles". This requirement has not been fulfilled by most of the Corporations. We have noticed that many of them are not able to produce sufficient surpluses to provide for depreciation and pay interest and taxes. Some of the Undertakings are not in a position to cover even their working expenses. A certain measure of contribution is expected of these Undertakings for reinvestment through generation of surpluses, but this is not forthcoming at all. | 92 | definition | 1.000 | Section 22 of the Road Transport Corporation Act stipulates that the Corporations should carry on their activities on "business principles". | 13 | page=13,block=3 | 0.700 | valid |
| How are the expenditure needs for general services defined? | the justifiable costs of providing the average standards of services | Expenditure "needs" under general services have been defined as the justifiable costs of providing the average standards of services. In the case of social and economic services, however, the justifiable costs of providing the existing standards of services have been taken to represent "needs". Thus "needs" so estimated give us the normative assessments. 3. Since expenditure needs have been derived on the basis of the estimated cost functions, expenditure variations among the States are attributable to differences in the quantity of public service provided and in the costs of providing them. Here, we have tried to separate the cost factors within the control of the State Governments and those beyond their control. 3. After estimating the effects of various quantify and cost variables on the expenditures of the States, we made normative estimates of the expenditures for the year 1986-87. | 64 | definition | 1.000 | Expenditure "needs" under general services have been defined as the justifiable costs of providing the average standards of services. | 16 | page=16,block=1 | 0.700 |
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| 7 |
| page=7,block=5 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |