36 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Microsoft Word - GUIDANCE NOTE FOR STATES v2, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 5-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include el nino, states/uts, india, india meteorological department (imd), 2026, southwest monsoon season, heatwaves, drought. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 21 list, 7 factual, 5 relationship, 2 summary, 1 definition. 29 of the 36 pairs (80.6%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 7 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 36 question-and-answer pairs extracted from a guidance note on El Nino preparedness for Indian States and Union Territories, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The document addresses climate risks associated with El Nino, including heatwaves, drought, and flooding, and provides recommendations for health and disaster management. Questions cover definitions, relationships, lists, and summaries, with answers sourced directly from the publication. The dataset emphasizes the importance of intersectoral coordination, risk communication, and preparedness measures to mitigate the impacts of El Nino on vulnerable populations and health systems.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-f557d3c405790d94b19fa57c79a6201e")
df.head()First 10 of 36 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is El Nino? | a naturally occurring climate phenomenon characterized by unusually warm sea- surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean | What is El Nino? El Nino is a naturally occurring climate phenomenon characterized by unusually warm sea- surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. It generally occurs every two to seven years and alters large-scale atmospheric circulation, thereby influencing temperature and rainfall patterns across many regions of the world, including India. | 28 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | El Nino is a naturally occurring climate phenomenon characterized by unusually warm sea- surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. | 1 | page=1,block=9 | 0.850 | valid |
| How should gaps in preparedness and response activities be addressed? | through supportive supervision and intersectoral coordination | Enhanced Monitoring of Heat-Vulnerable Districts States/UTs should: • Continue enhanced monitoring of the 100 Heat-vulnerable districts that reported the highest number of cases and the deaths. • Ensure regular review of heat-related illnesses and other climate-sensitive health events using the available surveillance platforms. • Monitor district-level health facility readiness, including the availability of essential medicines, ORS, IV fluids, oxygen, referral services and emergency response capacity. • Ensure that any unusual increase in heat-related illness, disease outbreaks, mortality or disruption of essential health services is reported immediately through the prescribed reporting channels. • Regularly review preparedness and response activities in the identified districts and address gaps through supportive supervision and intersectoral coordination. | 808 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | • Regularly review preparedness and response activities in the identified districts and address gaps through supportive supervision and intersectoral coordination. | ||||
| What background conditions can amplify the effects of El Nino? | long-term ocean and atmospheric warming | States/UTs should continue to follow the latest IMD forecasts and warnings because the timing, strength and regional expression of the event may change as the season evolves. El Nino is a natural mode of climate variability; however, it is occurring against a background of long-term ocean and atmospheric warming. Warmer baseline conditions can amplify heat exposure, increase atmospheric moisture and contribute to more intense hydrological extremes. Climate risks in India El Nino has historically been associated with higher temperatures and an increased likelihood of below-normal southwest monsoon rainfall over parts of India. Actual conditions vary across States and districts and are influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole, monsoon circulation, local geography, land-use patterns and other regional weather systems. | 274 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | El Nino is a natural mode of climate variability; however, it is occurring against a background of long-term ocean and atmospheric warming. | 1 | page=1,block=9 | ||
| What climate risks has El Nino historically been associated with in India? | higher temperatures and an increased likelihood of below-normal southwest monsoon rainfall | States/UTs should continue to follow the latest IMD forecasts and warnings because the timing, strength and regional expression of the event may change as the season evolves. El Nino is a natural mode of climate variability; however, it is occurring against a background of long-term ocean and atmospheric warming. Warmer baseline conditions can amplify heat exposure, increase atmospheric moisture and contribute to more intense hydrological extremes. Climate risks in India El Nino has historically been associated with higher temperatures and an increased likelihood of below-normal southwest monsoon rainfall over parts of India. Actual conditions vary across States and districts and are influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole, monsoon circulation, local geography, land-use patterns and other regional weather systems. | 522 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | Climate risks in India El Nino has historically been associated with higher temperatures and an increased likelihood of below-normal southwest monsoon rainfall over parts of India. | ||||
| Why should States and UTs follow the latest IMD forecasts and warnings? | the timing, strength and regional expression of the event may change as the season evolves | States/UTs should continue to follow the latest IMD forecasts and warnings because the timing, strength and regional expression of the event may change as the season evolves. El Nino is a natural mode of climate variability; however, it is occurring against a background of long-term ocean and atmospheric warming. Warmer baseline conditions can amplify heat exposure, increase atmospheric moisture and contribute to more intense hydrological extremes. Climate risks in India El Nino has historically been associated with higher temperatures and an increased likelihood of below-normal southwest monsoon rainfall over parts of India. Actual conditions vary across States and districts and are influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole, monsoon circulation, local geography, land-use patterns and other regional weather systems. | 83 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | States/UTs should continue to follow the latest IMD forecasts and warnings because the timing, strength and regional expression of the event may change as the season evolves. | ||||
| What should districts do upon receiving health alerts? | acknowledge receipt of alerts and initiate preparedness measures without delay. | Early Warning and Coordination States/UTs should: • Review IMD forecasts, seasonal outlooks and weather warnings on a daily basis throughout the El Nino period. • Ensure timely dissemination of health alerts to all districts and health facilities through the established communication chain. • Activate Health Emergency Operations Centres (HEOCs), or designated control rooms, during periods of elevated risk. • Ensure that districts acknowledge receipt of alerts and initiate preparedness measures without delay. • Maintain regular coordination with IMD, Disaster Management Authorities and other relevant departments for timely decision-making. C. | 434 | summary | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | • Ensure that districts acknowledge receipt of alerts and initiate preparedness measures without delay. • Maintain regular coordination with IMD, Disaster Management Authorities and other relevant departments for timely decision-making. | 3 | page=3,block=7 | 0.700 | |
| What should risk communication materials ensure? | available in local languages and reach high-risk and hard-to-reach communities | Disease Surveillance, Referral and Risk Communication States/UTs should: • Continue surveillance of heat-related illnesses through the IHIP–NPCCHH Heat- Related Illness Surveillance Portal and strengthen surveillance through timely reporting and regular review of surveillance data for at least till 30th September 2026. • Continue heat-related illness surveillance during periods of elevated temperature and hot-and-humid conditions, including beyond the conventional heat season, where required. • Ensure that Rapid Response Teams, referral hospitals, ambulance services and surge capacity remain prepared to respond to increased demand during extreme weather events. • Disseminate public health advisories through health workers, local institutions and media, with messages tailored to prevailing risks and vulnerable populations. • Ensure that risk communication materials are available in local languages and reach high-risk and hard-to-reach communities. | 881 | summary | 0.930 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | • Ensure that risk communication materials are available in local languages and reach high-risk and hard-to-reach communities. | ||||
| What influence does El Nino have on atmospheric circulation? | alters large-scale atmospheric circulation | What is El Nino? El Nino is a naturally occurring climate phenomenon characterized by unusually warm sea- surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. It generally occurs every two to seven years and alters large-scale atmospheric circulation, thereby influencing temperature and rainfall patterns across many regions of the world, including India. Current national and global climate assessments indicate the development and strengthening of El Nino conditions during 2026. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare communication dated 10 July 2026, referring to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), notes the possibility of moderate to strong El Nino conditions during the southwest monsoon season. | 229 | relationship | 0.890 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | It generally occurs every two to seven years and alters large-scale atmospheric circulation, thereby influencing temperature and rainfall patterns across many regions of the world, including India. | 1 | page=1,block=9 | ||
| What actions should be taken to prepare for flooding, heavy rainfall, and landslides? | protection of health facilities, alternate referral arrangements, WASH measures and vector-control activities | Preparedness for Dry and Wet Conditions States/UTs should ensure that districts are prepared for both dry and wet manifestations of El Nino by: • Ensuring safe drinking water, heat-health measures, nutrition support and community awareness during periods of heat, drought and water scarcity. • Strengthening preparedness for flooding, heavy rainfall and landslides through protection of health facilities, alternate referral arrangements, WASH measures and vector-control activities. | 373 | list | 0.820 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | • Strengthening preparedness for flooding, heavy rainfall and landslides through protection of health facilities, alternate referral arrangements, WASH measures and vector-control activities. | 4 | page=4,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What activities should be jointly undertaken for preparedness? | water safety, vector control, food and nutrition, occupational safety, relief camp management and continuity of essential health services | • Undertake joint preparedness activities for water safety, vector control, food and nutrition, occupational safety, relief camp management and continuity of essential health services. • Periodically review district preparedness using standard monitoring indicators covering early warning, health facility readiness, logistics, surveillance, referral services and risk communication. • Document operational experiences, best practices and lessons learnt to strengthen preparedness and response for future climate events. G. | 46 | list | 0.820 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/3.%20Guidance%20note%20on%20El-Nino%20for%20States%20and%20UTs.pdf | • Undertake joint preparedness activities for water safety, vector control, food and nutrition, occupational safety, relief camp management and continuity of essential health services. | 5 | page=5,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 5 |
| page=5,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=9 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=9 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| 4 |
| page=4,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |