111 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from 1769332981 File558, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 18-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include leptospirosis, diagnosis, case management, prevention, control, leptospira interrogans, epidemiology, causative agent. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 45 factual, 31 list, 22 relationship, 8 definition, 5 summary. 66 of the 111 pairs (59.5%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 45 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 111 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a publication by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in India. The questions cover topics such as leptospirosis diagnosis, prevention, case management, and epidemiology. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability to the original text. The dataset includes various question types, such as factual, relationship-based, and explanatory queries, with 59.5% focusing on explanations. The sampled rows highlight key aspects of leptospirosis, including symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment recommendations.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-f301dc6c9f5d5fe8acb7e13d44b85e84")
df.head()First 10 of 111 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What hygienic practices are suggested to avoid exposure to animal urine? | avoidance of direct and indirect human contact with animal urine | Hygienic methods such as avoidance of direct and indirect human contact with animal urine are recommended as preventive measures. | 25 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Hygienic methods such as avoidance of direct and indirect human contact with animal urine are recommended as preventive measures. | 12 | page=12,block=14 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the definition of a probable case of leptospirosis? | Suspected case with positive presumptive laboratory diagnosis | Probable: Suspected case with positive presumptive laboratory diagnosis. | 10 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Probable: Suspected case with positive presumptive laboratory diagnosis. | 8 | page=8,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the primary strategy for preventing leptospirosis? | to create awareness about the disease and its prevention | The main preventive measure for leptospirosis is to create awareness about the disease and its prevention. This has to be conceptualized through intensive educational campaign, IEC templates/software for audio visual, print, press, outdoor outreach modes, new and emerging electronic media. | 49 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | The main preventive measure for leptospirosis is to create awareness about the disease and its prevention. | 12 | page=12,block=16 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is Agglutination? | measured indirectly by establishing the reduction of Leptospiral density with 50% in comparison with the density of free leptospires in control | Compare with a control suspension of leptospires diluted 1 in two in PBS without serum. Agglutination is measured indirectly by establishing the reduction of Leptospiral density with 50% in comparison with the density of free leptospires in control. Advantages : | 105 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Agglutination is measured indirectly by establishing the reduction of Leptospiral density with 50% in comparison with the density of free leptospires in control. | 15 | page=15,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is ELISA ELISA? | one of the techniques commonly used for the diagnosis | ELISA ELISA is one of the techniques commonly used for the diagnosis. | 15 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | ELISA ELISA is one of the techniques commonly used for the diagnosis. | 15 | page=15,block=9 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Therefore DFM? | not recommended as a sole diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of leptospirosis | Therefore DFM is not recommended as a sole diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. | 17 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Therefore DFM is not recommended as a sole diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. | 14 | page=14,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| How can masons be exposed to leptospires during their work? | while preparing the cement and sand mixture for construction work with contaminated water | Other occupational high risk groups are – Fishermen, sewer workers and all those persons who are liable to work in rodent infested environment. Lorry drivers as they may use contaminated water to wash their vehicles and masons, who may come in contact with the organisms while preparing the cement and sand mixture for construction work with contaminated water. 6 National guidelines for leptospirosis 7 National guidelines for leptospirosis | 271 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Lorry drivers as they may use contaminated water to wash their vehicles and masons, who may come in contact with the organisms while preparing the cement and sand mixture for construction work with contaminated water. | 5 | page=5,block=17 | 0.700 | valid |
| How do rodents and cattle contribute to the spread of leptospirosis in soil and water? | excrete large number of organisms in their urine | The conditions that are favorable for maintenance and the transmission of the leptospirosis are as follows: 2.2. Reservoir and carrier hosts Leptospirosis has a very wide range of natural rodent and non-rodent reservoir hosts which include rabbits etc. The domestic animals such as cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep and pigs carry the microorganisms and therefore act as carriers of the leptospires. Together the rodents and the cattle excrete large number of organisms in their urine and thus are responsible for the contamination of soil as well as large and small water bodies. 2.2. Drainage, congestion and water logging Heavy concentrated rainfall leaves a lot of surplus water. Developmental activities like canal network, roads and railway lines obstruct natural drainage of rain water causing its accumulation for longer periods. | 432 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Together the rodents and the cattle excrete large number of organisms in their urine and thus are responsible for the contamination of soil as well as large and small water bodies. | 5 | |||
| What are the underlying causes of hypotension in cardiovascular involvement of Leptospirosis? | either dehydration or peripheral vasodilatation | pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and renal complications. Cardiovascular system involvement: Patients present with one or more of the following features: Shock: Patient develop severe hypotension, cold clammy extremities, and tachycardia. Echocardiography reveals normal systolic function of left ventricle hence hypotension is due to either dehydration or peripheral vasodilatation. Arrhythmias: Patient presents with palpitations, syncope and irregular pulse. Common arrhythmias seen are supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and various degrees of A.V. blocks. Ventricular tachy-arrhythmias are infrequent. Segment depression and T wave inversion may be present in some patients. Central nervous system: CNS involvement in leptospirosis commonly present as meningitis. Headache may be the only manifestation or irritability, restlessness, seizures and coma can occur. | 332 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Echocardiography reveals normal systolic function of left ventricle hence hypotension is due to either dehydration or peripheral vasodilatation. | 7 | |||
| What factors can lead to fatal outcomes in severe respiratory cases of leptospirosis? | pulmonary hemorrhage and severe respiratory distress | Pulmonary :In mild illness patient presents with only cough, chest pain and blood tinged sputum. In severe cases patients have cough, hemoptysis, rapidly increasing breathlessness which may lead to respiratory failure and death. On examination, these patients have increased respiratory rate with crepitation in the basal region, which rapidly spread upwards to middle and upper lobes.X-ray shows basal and mid zone opacity in severe cases. It may be normal in mild cases. Hemorrhagic pneumonitis with interstitial and intra alveolar hemorrhage surrounded by focal capillary injury are common pathologic changes. Death can occur within hours to two days due to pulmonary hemorrhage and severe respiratory distress. There are wide variations in pulmonary presentation. | 661 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/resource/1769332981_File558.pdf | Death can occur within hours to two days due to pulmonary hemorrhage and severe respiratory distress. | 7 | page=7,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
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| page=5,block=4 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| page=7,block=11 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |