509 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from ANTHRAX_final LRP, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 112-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include one health, comprehensive learning, comprehensive learning guide-anthrax, learning guide-anthrax, public health, cutaneous anthrax, bacillus anthracis, new delhi. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 167 list, 143 factual, 81 relationship, 65 definition, 50 summary, 7 comparison. 366 of the 509 pairs (71.9%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 143 are factual or table-based questions. 99.41% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 509 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the 'ANTHRAX_final LRP' publication by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The questions cover various aspects of anthrax, including its clinical forms, diagnosis methods, epidemiology, and preventive measures. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability and accuracy. The dataset includes diverse question types such as definitions, relationships, and summaries, with explanatory questions making up 71.9% of the total. The source material spans 112 pages and provides detailed insights into anthrax management and public health strategies.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-e67de53e2a826d38e7b8a05f685cfaf3")
df.head()First 10 of 519 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are distinguishing features of injection anthrax at the injection site? | small vesicles or papules at the injection site, which progress to painless ulcerative lesions | Fi x g 9: Symptoms of Ingestion or Gastrointestinal Anthra Injection Anthrax Injection Anthrax occurs primarily in injection drug users and typically develops within 1 to 4 days of exposure to anthrax spores. It is associated with a high mortality rate, with more than 25% of confirmed cases resulting in death. Patients commonly present with severe soft-tissue infections, including swelling, erythema (redness), and extensive bruising at the injection site. Despite the significant swelling, the pain experienced is often less severe than expected. A distinguishing feature of injection anthrax is the appearance of small vesicles or papules at the injection site, which progress to painless ulcerative lesions, similar to cutaneous anthrax. One of the challenges with injection anthrax is that it can be more difficult to diagnose compared to other forms of anthrax. | 618 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | A distinguishing feature of injection anthrax is the appearance of small vesicles or papules at the injection site, which progress to painless ulcerative lesions, similar to cutaneous anthrax. | 41 | page=41,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are hallmark signs that distinguish cutaneous anthrax from other infections? | The painless nature of the lesion and the formation of a black eschar | The eschar gradually dries and sloughs off over the course of several weeks, beginning around day 10. The infection is often accompanied by localized swelling, regional lymph node enlargement, and sometimes systemic symptoms like malaise, headache, and fever. The head, neck, forearms, and hands are the most common areas affected. The painless nature of the lesion and the formation of a black eschar are hallmark signs, distinguishing cutaneous anthrax from other infections. Without treatment, the mortality rate of cutaneous anthrax is approximately 20%, but with appropriate antibiotic therapy, it drops to less than 1%. Despite the severe appearance of the lesion, treatment is highly effective, and patients generally recover well with timely medical intervention. Fig 8: Progression of Cutaneous Anthrax | 332 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | The head, neck, forearms, and hands are the most common areas affected. The painless nature of the lesion and the formation of a black eschar are hallmark signs, distinguishing cutaneous anthrax from other infections. | ||||
| What are the key symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax? | Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting. | Diagnosis Key Characteristics Epidemiological Clue Laboratory Tests Elevated Biochemical Levels Gastrointestinal Anthrax Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting. Exposure to contaminated food or undercooked meat from infected animals (typically herbivores like cattle, sheep). Stool culture or PCR for Bacillus anthracis DNA; blood culture for systemic infection; abdominal X-ray may show bowel edema. CRP, ESR elevated; LDH, ALT/AST may be elevated due to systemic involvement; mild leukocytosis. Ulceroglandular Tularemia Local ulcer with painful lymphadenopathy; lacks severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Exposure to rabbits, rodents, ticks, or contaminated water in endemic regions. PCR for Francisella tularensis DNA; serology for antibodies; wound culture or biopsy for Francisella tularensis. | 121 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | Diagnosis Key Characteristics Epidemiological Clue Laboratory Tests Elevated Biochemical Levels Gastrointestinal Anthrax Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting. Exposure to contaminated food or undercooked meat from infected animals (typically herbivores like cattle, sheep). | ||||
| What are the key symptoms of pneumonic plague? | Hemoptysis and high fever, with pulmonary consolidation; less likely to show mediastinal widening. | Pneumonic Plague Hemoptysis and high fever, with pulmonary consolidation; less likely to show mediastinal widening. Exposure to infected rodents, fleas, or animals in endemic areas (e.g. Yersinia pestis in rodents). Blood culture for Yersinia pestis; PCR for Yersinia DNA; chest X-ray for consolidation but no mediastinal widening. CRP, ESR elevated; WBC count elevated, often with a left shift; LDH and ALT/AST may be mildly elevated. Tularemia Pulmonary form shows patchy infiltrates on X-ray, fever, and pleuritis; lacks widened mediastinum. Exposure to infected animals (rabbits, rodents), ticks, or contaminated water in endemic regions. PCR for Francisella tularensis DNA; serology for Francisella antibodies; chest X-ray for pulmonary infiltrates. CRP, ESR elevated; WBC count may be elevated; mild ALT/AST elevation if systemic or liver involvement. | 17 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | Pneumonic Plague Hemoptysis and high fever, with pulmonary consolidation; less likely to show mediastinal widening. Exposure to infected rodents, fleas, or animals in endemic areas (e.g. | ||||
| What characterizes the peracute form of anthrax in animals? | sudden death without any noticeable symptoms. | A Comprehensive Learning Guide-Anthrax | 55 Centre for One Health, NCDC, MoHFW Suspected case: A case that is compatible with the clinical description. In enzootic areas a suspected case can be: 1. A case of sudden death 2. Un-clotted blood-stained discharges through mouth, nose or anus. Confirmed case: A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed. Anthrax in animals can manifest in different forms, each with its own progression and clinical signs. The peracute form is the most severe, leading to sudden death without any noticeable symptoms. In the acute form, animals may exhibit fever, weakness, loss of appetite, and swollen lymph nodes, often leading to death within a few days. The subacute form is characterized by a slower progression, with symptoms such as progressive fever, depression, weakness, and inappetence. | 503 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | The peracute form is the most severe, leading to sudden death without any noticeable symptoms. In the acute form, animals may exhibit fever, weakness, loss of appetite, and swollen lymph nodes, often leading to death within a few days. | 55 | |||
| What criteria should be established for case identification during an anthrax outbreak investigation? | clear clinical and laboratory criteria | Laboratory confirmation of Anthrax cases. Multidisciplinary Team Formation Assemble a team of experts from various fields.. Case Definition Establish clear clinical and laboratory criteria for case identification. 1.Case Identification and Reporting Implement mechanisms for timely reporting of suspected and confirmed cases. Data Collection Gather detailed information on demographics, clinical features, exposure history, and risk factors. 1.Descriptive Epidemiology Analyze data to describe the outbreak in terms of person, place, and time. | 150 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | Case Definition Establish clear clinical and laboratory criteria for case identification. | 85 | page=85,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What defines a confirmed case in enzootic areas? | A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed | Case definition Confirmed A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed A case that is compatible with the clinical description. | 26 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | Case definition Confirmed A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed A case that is compatible with the clinical description. | 57 | page=57,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| What do black dots indicate in the global distribution of anthrax outbreaks? | individual outbreak locations used in predictions | 0 1–20 21–50 51–200 201–400 401– 1,000 >1,000 No. of Outbreaks Carlson et al; Nature Microbiology, 2019 Global distribution of outbreaks by country and geographic locations of anthrax events Global database of anthrax occurrences (points) versus outbreaks of anthrax by country (January 2005–August 2016). Black dots represent individual outbreak locations used in predictions. | 327 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | Black dots represent individual outbreak locations used in predictions. | 34 | page=34,block=9 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the 'Competencies to be Achieved' column enumerate? | the competencies participants are expected to acquire by the conclusion of the session | Learning Objectives: This column lays out the enabling objectives and their alignment with corresponding learning activities. The objectives are sequenced to provide guidance on the training structure. The interplay of objectives and activities—ranging from icebreakers and interactive group tasks to practical exercises and breaks—constitutes the overall training progression. Pre-requisite Knowledge/Skill: This column addresses the foundational knowledge or skills that participants should possess prior to the session. It underscores the importance of existing competencies for effective engagement in the training. Competencies to be Achieved: The fourth column enumerates the competencies participants are expected to acquire by the conclusion of the session. It underscores the practical outcomes that participants will attain through engagement in the training. | 678 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | Competencies to be Achieved: The fourth column enumerates the competencies participants are expected to acquire by the conclusion of the session. | 24 | |||
| What does the 'Duration' column specify in the course outline? | the estimated time allocated for each learning activity | Centre for One Health, NCDC, MoHFW The course outline presented here follows a model structure for the training curriculum. It delineates the enabling objectives necessary to achieve the participant learning goals outlined in the course syllabus. The outline offers recommendations for suitable learning activities and essential resources and materials for each enabling objective. Depending on specific participant requirements, the trainer has the option to introduce supplementary practice activities, devise case studies, role-play scenarios, or tailor learning situations accordingly. The course outline comprises four columns: Duration: This column specifies the estimated time allocated for each learning activity. This allocation ensures an equitable distribution of time across the diverse training components. | 665 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/ANTHRAX_final%20LRP.pdf | The course outline comprises four columns: Duration: This column specifies the estimated time allocated for each learning activity. | 24 | page=24,block=1 | 0.700 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 40 |
| page=40,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 47 |
| page=47,block=5 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 46 |
| page=46,block=3 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| page=55,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| page=24,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |