105 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from amr31, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 44-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include antimicrobial resistance, national antimicrobial consumption network, nac-net, antibiotic consumption, defined daily dose, who aware classification, access group antibiotics, watch group antibiotics. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 45 factual, 24 definition, 14 list, 11 summary, 9 relationship, 2 comparison. 60 of the 105 pairs (57.1%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 45 are factual or table-based questions. 99.05% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 105 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a publication on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The questions cover topics such as antibiotic consumption trends, WHO AWaRe classification, and the impact of AMR. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, ensuring traceability. The dataset includes various question types, with 57.1% focusing on explanatory content. The sampling provided 10% of the rows, offering insights into antibiotic usage patterns and stewardship practices.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-b4dfc078d6e1f1a0ab96ca0d24294498")
df.head()First 10 of 105 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What ranking does the WHO give to antimicrobial resistance as a public health threat? | among the top ten public health threats according to WHO | Executive summary Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the top ten public health threats according to WHO. One of the main drivers for the development of antibiotic resistance is excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. | 52 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | Executive summary Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the top ten public health threats according to WHO. | 11 | page=11,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| How are standard units for antibiotic consumption defined? | the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics | Antibiotics were classified in J01 and P01 groups under the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 194 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 16 | page=16,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| Under what system were antibiotics classified into J01 and P01 groups? | WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system | Antibiotics were classified in J01 and P01 groups under the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 60 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | Antibiotics were classified in J01 and P01 groups under the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. | 16 | page=16,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are standard units in the context of antibiotic consumption? | the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics | Antibiotics were classified in J01 and P01 groups under the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 194 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 16 | page=16,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What defines the Access group of antibiotics in the AWaRe classification? | activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential | The trend of antibiotic consumption shows a surge in November 2017, September-October 2018, July 2019 and April 2021. AWaRe classification of antibiotics The antibiotics used in the hospitals are classified based on WHO AWaRe classification into three groups (8) • Access group of antibiotics have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups • Watch group of antibiotics have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents • Reserve group of antibiotics includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms. | 298 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | AWaRe classification of antibiotics The antibiotics used in the hospitals are classified based on WHO AWaRe classification into three groups (8) • Access group of antibiotics have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups • Watch group of antibiotics have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents • Reserve group of antibiotics includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections | ||||
| What indicator involves the physical method of delivering antibiotics? | Route of administration of antibiotics | Indicators monitored Antibiotic consumption is organized using the following key indicators: • Annual consumption in terms of DDD/100-bed-days • AWaRe classification of antibiotics • List of top-10 antibiotics used • Consumption of antibiotics against WHO priority pathogens • Route of administration of antibiotics | 277 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | Indicators monitored Antibiotic consumption is organized using the following key indicators: • Annual consumption in terms of DDD/100-bed-days • AWaRe classification of antibiotics • List of top-10 antibiotics used • Consumption of antibiotics against WHO priority pathogens • Route of administration of antibiotics | 18 | page=18,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is a key feature of the Watch group of antibiotics in the AWaRe classification? | higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents | The trend of antibiotic consumption shows a surge in November 2017, September-October 2018, July 2019 and April 2021. AWaRe classification of antibiotics The antibiotics used in the hospitals are classified based on WHO AWaRe classification into three groups (8) • Access group of antibiotics have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups • Watch group of antibiotics have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents • Reserve group of antibiotics includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms. | 491 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | AWaRe classification of antibiotics The antibiotics used in the hospitals are classified based on WHO AWaRe classification into three groups (8) • Access group of antibiotics have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups • Watch group of antibiotics have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents • Reserve group of antibiotics includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections | ||||
| What is essential for improving the use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials? | Understanding the actual consumption of antibiotics and other anti-microbials | Understanding the actual consumption of antibiotics and other anti-microbials is the foundation to optimise their use. We can use this data to develop policies that are grounded in evidence and aimed at encouraging responsible use of antimicrobials. This will help us preserve the effectiveness of existing medications and protect the health of future generations. I genuinely hope that this study will inspire all stakeholders generate a collective determination to combat antimicrobial resistance. By working together, we can guarantee that future generations enjoy extended and healthier lives. Dr (Prof) Atul Goel, MD Director General Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India | 0 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | Understanding the actual consumption of antibiotics and other anti-microbials is the foundation to optimise their use. | 3 | page=3,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is included in NAC-NET under the AMR programme? | Government tertiary health care facilities | One of the priorities of this programme is to carry out surveillance of antibiotic usage in healthcare settings across India. Under the AMR programme, National Antibiotic Consumption- Network (NAC-NET) comprising of Government tertiary health care facilities was established across 24 States and 3 Union territories (UTs) in a phased manner (Fig. 1). The global surveillance report for 2015 from 65 countries, does not include antibiotic consumption data from India. There are limited number of studies which assess the antibiotic consumption based on AWaRe classifications and Defined Daily Doses (DDD) in India (6). The purpose of this report is to collate the five-year (2017–2021) antibiotic consumption data from ten NAC-NET sites using the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical for Defined Daily Doses (ATC-DDD) methodology. | 216 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | Under the AMR programme, National Antibiotic Consumption- Network (NAC-NET) comprising of Government tertiary health care facilities was established across 24 States and 3 Union territories (UTs) in a phased manner (Fig. | 13 | page=13,block=1 | ||
| What is the definition of Defined Daily Dose? | The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults | Measures of antibiotic consumption Antibiotic consumption was measured in Defined Daily Doses. • Defined Daily Dose: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults (5). WHO AMC Tool 2019 v.1.9.0 was used to calculate DDDs of each volume of antibiotics. • Bed occupancy: Bed occupancy rate for each month was calculated using the formula – Bed occupancy rate / Bed days = Occupied beds / Available beds, • DDD/100-bed-days: This was calculated using the total number of beds for all sites and using the bed occupancy rate as 100%. Data collection and analysis At the site level, data collection is done by the pharmacist. | 117 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr31.pdf | • Defined Daily Dose: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults (5). | 17 | page=17,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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