117 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from amr26, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 49-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include national antimicrobial consumption network, state antimicrobial consumption network, nacnet, sacnet, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship programs, access, watch, reserve, aware. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 61 factual, 17 definition, 14 list, 12 relationship, 10 summary, 2 comparison, 1 table. 55 of the 117 pairs (47.0%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 62 are factual or table-based questions. 99.15% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 117 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a 49-page publication on antimicrobial consumption and resistance, sourced from ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The questions cover topics such as antimicrobial stewardship programs, AWaRe classification, and antibiotic consumption networks. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, with detailed metadata for validation. The dataset includes various question types, such as factual, definition, and relationship-based queries, with nearly half focusing on explanatory content.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-886fea33593bfcaddcba53153c3c99a3")
df.head()First 10 of 117 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What role does monitoring antibiotic usage play in the National Programme on AMR Containment in India? | one of the critical components of this program | Executive Summary National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) serves as the Nodal agency for the National Programme on AMR Containment in India. Monitoring antibiotic usage is one of the critical components of this program. To support this initiative, NCDC established the National Antibiotic Consumption Network (NACNET) at Medical College Hospitals since 2018 and this is being scaled up gradually. | 175 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | Monitoring antibiotic usage is one of the critical components of this program. | 9 | page=9,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| Under what classification system are antibiotics in the J01 and P01 groups categorized? | WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system | Antibiotics were classified in J01 and P01 groups under the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 60 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | Antibiotics were classified in J01 and P01 groups under the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. | 16 | page=16,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the term Defined Daily Dose signify? | The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults | Measures of antibiotic consumption Antibiotic consumption was measured in Defined Daily Doses. • Defined Daily Dose: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults (5). WHO AMC Tool 2019 v.1.9.0 was used to calculate DDDs of each volume of antibiotics. • Bed occupancy: Bed occupancy rate for each month was calculated using the formula – Bed occupancy rate / Bed days = Occupied beds / Available beds, • DDD/100-bed-days: This was calculated using the total number of beds for all sites and using the bed occupancy rate as 100%. Data collection and analysis At the site level, data collection is done by the pharmacist. | 117 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | • Defined Daily Dose: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults (5). | 18 | page=18,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| How is the bed occupancy rate calculated? | Bed occupancy rate / Bed days = Occupied beds / Available beds | Measures of antibiotic consumption Antibiotic consumption was measured in Defined Daily Doses. • Defined Daily Dose: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults (5). WHO AMC Tool 2019 v.1.9.0 was used to calculate DDDs of each volume of antibiotics. • Bed occupancy: Bed occupancy rate for each month was calculated using the formula – Bed occupancy rate / Bed days = Occupied beds / Available beds, • DDD/100-bed-days: This was calculated using the total number of beds for all sites and using the bed occupancy rate as 100%. Data collection and analysis At the site level, data collection is done by the pharmacist. | 387 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | • Bed occupancy: Bed occupancy rate for each month was calculated using the formula – Bed occupancy rate / Bed days = Occupied beds / Available beds, • DDD/100-bed-days: This was calculated using the total number of beds for all sites and using the bed occupancy rate as 100%. | 18 | page=18,block=1 | 0.700 | |
| What is the benefit of linking antimicrobial consumption data with antimicrobial resistance? | a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities | Conclusion Analysis of antimicrobial consumption across the the sites presents an interesting picture of the pattern and overall usage of antimicrobials. Linking consumption data with antimicrobial resistance will lead to a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities. Continued monitoring of the usage of Watch and Reserve category antimicrobials will support antimicrobial stewardship practices. | 222 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | Linking consumption data with antimicrobial resistance will lead to a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities. | 46 | page=46,block=1 | 0.800 | valid |
| What actions are suggested to promote the use of 'Access' category antibiotics? | Increase the use of "Access" antibiotics by improving awareness and availability, while reducing dependence on "Watch" and "Reserve" categories. | Recommendations • Strengthen Stewardship Programs: o Expand antimicrobial stewardship training at all NACNET sites, focusing on the judicious use of antibiotics and adherence to standard treatment guidelines. o Encourage hospitals to meet established benchmarks for AMSP. • Data-Driven Interventions: o Use site-specific consumption data to identify and address inappropriate prescribing patterns. • Promote "Access" Category Antibiotics: o Increase the use of "Access" antibiotics by improving awareness and availability, while reducing dependence on "Watch" and "Reserve" categories. • Monitor and Evaluate: o Linking antimicrobial consumption with antimicrobial resistance data to guide antimicrobial stewardship activities. o Establish continuous monitoring mechanisms to evaluate the impact of interventions on antibiotic consumption and resistance trends. | 441 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | • Promote "Access" Category Antibiotics: o Increase the use of "Access" antibiotics by improving awareness and availability, while reducing dependence on "Watch" and "Reserve" categories. • Monitor and Evaluate: o Linking antimicrobial consumption with antimicrobial resistance data to guide antimicrobial stewardship activities. | ||||
| What broader goal can be supported by optimizing antibiotic use at NACNET and SACNET sites? | contribute to the broader goal of containing antimicrobial resistance in India. | By implementing these measures, NACNET and SACNET sites can optimize antibiotic use, reduce the emergence of resistance, and contribute to the broader goal of containing antimicrobial resistance in India. These actions will not only improve patient outcomes but also protect the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations. | 125 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | By implementing these measures, NACNET and SACNET sites can optimize antibiotic use, reduce the emergence of resistance, and contribute to the broader goal of containing antimicrobial resistance in India. These actions will not only improve patient outcomes but also protect the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations. | 47 | page=47,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What difference was observed in antibiotic consumption trends between K-SACNET and G-SACNET sites? | Fluroquinones (Watch) which have been replaced by Penicillins (Access) | Four sites have shown noticeable consumption from Oxazolidinones (Reserve) and one site has shown significant consumption from WHO Not Recommended group of antibiotics. Similarly K-SACNET sites have also shown the same trend as that of the overall and G- SACNET sites with the exception of Fluroquinones (Watch) which have been replaced by Penicillins (Access). | 290 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | Similarly K-SACNET sites have also shown the same trend as that of the overall and G- SACNET sites with the exception of Fluroquinones (Watch) which have been replaced by Penicillins (Access). | 33 | page=33,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What do the findings suggest about the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and treatment guidelines? | the need for targeted interventions to optimize antibiotic use at NACNET and SACNET sites. | the findings highlight the inconsistent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and adherence to treatment guidelines, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to optimize antibiotic use at NACNET and SACNET sites. | 144 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | the findings highlight the inconsistent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and adherence to treatment guidelines, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to optimize antibiotic use at NACNET and SACNET sites. | 9 | page=9,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the Hub site do with the data it receives from spoke sites? | compiled the data for all the spoke sites along with the WHO AWaRe (Access-Watch-Reserve) classification of the antibiotic | The steps include: • Consumption data is collected from the central drug store of the health facility. • Bed occupancy data is sourced from the Medical Records Department. • Consumption data is recorded in a master sheet along with their WHO AWaRe (Access-Watch-Reserve) classification. • After data entry, data was imported in WHO AMC Tool 2019 v.1.9.0, to calculate the DDD and the Annual DDD/100-bed-days for each antibiotic. • DDD/100-bed-days calculated month wise for each antibiotic and consolidated. In case of SACNET sites after data entry and, data was shared with the Hub site • The Hub site compiled the data for all the spoke sites along with the WHO AWaRe (Access-Watch-Reserve) classification of the antibiotic. | 603 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr26.pdf | In case of SACNET sites after data entry and, data was shared with the Hub site • The Hub site compiled the data for all the spoke sites along with the WHO AWaRe (Access-Watch-Reserve) classification of the antibiotic. | 18 | page=18,block=1 |
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| valid |
| 47 |
| page=47,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |