78 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from amr25, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 11-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include ncdc, antimicrobial resistance, national amr surveillance network, nars-net, priority pathogens, e.coli, klebsiella species, pseudomonas species. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 60 factual, 6 list, 4 comparison, 4 summary, 3 relationship, 1 definition. 18 of the 78 pairs (23.1%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 60 are factual or table-based questions. 98.72% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 78 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the sixth semi-annual report of the National AMR Surveillance Network (NARS-Net), published by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The report covers antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data collected from 91 surveillance sites, including 62 NARS-Net sites and 29 state surveillance network sites, during July–December 2025. The dataset highlights resistance patterns among pathogens such as E. coli, Klebsiella species, and Pseudomonas species, and includes details on laboratory methods, resistance rates, and surveillance practices.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-7429b4a770599ef5edcef1690890b475")
df.head()First 10 of 78 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the limitation of AMR surveillance data from government medical colleges? | sample referrals being primarily from admitted patients or those with severe infections who have not responded to first-line therapy | Discussion and Conclusion This bulletin presents the sixth semi-annual report of the National AMR Surveillance Network. During the reporting period from July-December 2025, data from 91 surveillance sites, including 62 NARSNet sites and 29 sites under State AMR Surveillance Networks, were collated, validated, and analysed. From the state surveillance networks, only data of NABL-accredited laboratories was included for analysis. AMR surveillance data from government medical colleges continues to have the limitation of sample referrals being primarily from admitted patients or those with severe infections who have not responded to first-line therapy, thus having the potential to scew the data towards higher resistance. In the current bulletin, proportion of MRSA among blood isolates is 56% which is similar to that reported during previous six month (55%). | 523 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | AMR surveillance data from government medical colleges continues to have the limitation of sample referrals being primarily from admitted patients or those with severe infections who have not responded to first-line therapy, thus having the potential to scew the data towards higher resistance. | 11 | page=11,block=5 | 0.700 | valid |
| Why do procedures like surgery and organ transplantation become riskier with widespread antimicrobial resistance? | rely on effective antimicrobials and therefore become considerably riskier in the presence of widespread resistance. | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most significant global public health challenges of the 21st century. The increasing prevalence of resistant pathogens threatens to reverse decades of medical progress, rendering common infections more difficult to treat. many modern medical procedures, including surgery, cancer therapy, and organ transplantation, rely on effective antimicrobials and therefore become considerably riskier in the presence of widespread resistance. Addressing AMR requires urgent and coordinated global efforts encompassing strengthened surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use, continued innovation, and increased public and professional awareness. The Government of India has duly recognized the challenge posed by AMR and has undertaken initiatives to address this important public health issue. | 369 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | many modern medical procedures, including surgery, cancer therapy, and organ transplantation, rely on effective antimicrobials and therefore become considerably riskier in the presence of widespread resistance. Addressing AMR requires urgent and coordinated global efforts encompassing strengthened surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use, continued innovation, and increased public and professional awareness. | ||||
| What is necessary to maintain the effectiveness of antimicrobials and ensure public health protection? | Long-term commitment and coordinated action | Integration of surveillance findings with antimicrobial stewardship programmes, robust infection prevention and control practices, public awareness initiatives, and continued research efforts is critical for addressing the growing threat of AMR. Long-term commitment and coordinated action is crucial for safeguarding the effectiveness of antimicrobials and protecting public health. | 246 | summary | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | Integration of surveillance findings with antimicrobial stewardship programmes, robust infection prevention and control practices, public awareness initiatives, and continued research efforts is critical for addressing the growing threat of AMR. Long-term commitment and coordinated action is crucial for safeguarding the effectiveness of antimicrobials and protecting public health. | 11 | page=11,block=5 | 0.700 | valid |
| What measures are essential for combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance? | Integration of surveillance findings with antimicrobial stewardship programmes, robust infection prevention and control practices, public awareness initiatives, and continued research efforts | Integration of surveillance findings with antimicrobial stewardship programmes, robust infection prevention and control practices, public awareness initiatives, and continued research efforts is critical for addressing the growing threat of AMR. Long-term commitment and coordinated action is crucial for safeguarding the effectiveness of antimicrobials and protecting public health. | 0 | summary | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | Integration of surveillance findings with antimicrobial stewardship programmes, robust infection prevention and control practices, public awareness initiatives, and continued research efforts is critical for addressing the growing threat of AMR. | 11 | page=11,block=5 | 0.700 | valid |
| What time period and data sources are covered in the sixth semi-annual bulletin? | AMR data for the period between July-December 2025 from 91 laboratories. | This is the sixth semi-annual bulletin representing AMR data for the period between July-December 2025 from 91 laboratories. Of these, 62 are government medical college laboratories under NARS-Net from 27 states and 6 UTs (Fig.1) and 29 laboratories (20 private and 9 government) are from 5 State AMR Surveillance networks viz. DENSAR (Delhi Network for Surveillance of AMR), KARSNET (Kerala AMR Surveillance Network), MAHASAR (Maharashtra State Surveillance for AMR), GUJSAR (Gujarat State Surveillance for AMR) and RAJSAR (Rajasthan State Surveillance for AMR). In this bulletin, from the state surveillance network, only NABL accredited sites data have been included to ensure data quality. | 52 | summary | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | This is the sixth semi-annual bulletin representing AMR data for the period between July-December 2025 from 91 laboratories. Of these, 62 are government medical college laboratories under NARS-Net from 27 states and 6 UTs (Fig.1) and 29 laboratories (20 private and 9 government) are from 5 State AMR Surveillance networks viz. | 2 | |||
| What public health challenge has been recognized as one of the most significant of the 21st century? | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most significant global public health challenges of the 21st century. The increasing prevalence of resistant pathogens threatens to reverse decades of medical progress, rendering common infections more difficult to treat. many modern medical procedures, including surgery, cancer therapy, and organ transplantation, rely on effective antimicrobials and therefore become considerably riskier in the presence of widespread resistance. Addressing AMR requires urgent and coordinated global efforts encompassing strengthened surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use, continued innovation, and increased public and professional awareness. The Government of India has duly recognized the challenge posed by AMR and has undertaken initiatives to address this important public health issue. | 0 | definition | 0.940 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most significant global public health challenges of the 21st century. | 1 | page=1,block=8 | 0.700 | |
| What is required to address antimicrobial resistance? | urgent and coordinated global efforts encompassing strengthened surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use, continued innovation, and increased public and professional awareness. | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most significant global public health challenges of the 21st century. The increasing prevalence of resistant pathogens threatens to reverse decades of medical progress, rendering common infections more difficult to treat. many modern medical procedures, including surgery, cancer therapy, and organ transplantation, rely on effective antimicrobials and therefore become considerably riskier in the presence of widespread resistance. Addressing AMR requires urgent and coordinated global efforts encompassing strengthened surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use, continued innovation, and increased public and professional awareness. The Government of India has duly recognized the challenge posed by AMR and has undertaken initiatives to address this important public health issue. | 510 | summary | 0.930 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | Addressing AMR requires urgent and coordinated global efforts encompassing strengthened surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use, continued innovation, and increased public and professional awareness. The Government of India has duly recognized the challenge posed by AMR and has undertaken initiatives to address this important public health issue. | ||||
| How did linezolid resistance among blood isolates of Enterococcus spp. change between the previous and current reporting periods? | increased from 2.2% during previous data reporting period (Jan-June 2025) to 4% in current reporting period (July-Dec 2025) | Similarly percentage of vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) from blood specimens remained same in this data reporting period (21%) as that during previous data reporting period (20%). Linezolid resistance among blood isolates of Enterococcus spp. has increased from 2.2% during previous data reporting period (Jan-June 2025) to 4% in current reporting period (July-Dec 2025). Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi isolates reported from blood have increased in the current reporting period (1083/258) in comparison to the previous bulletin (510/84). 19 isolates of S.Typhi were resistant to azithromycin and 20 isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone. | 254 | comparison | 0.920 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | has increased from 2.2% during previous data reporting period (Jan-June 2025) to 4% in current reporting period (July-Dec 2025). | 11 | page=11,block=5 | 0.700 | valid |
| How did the resistance rate to ciprofloxacin in Shigella spp. change compared to the previous report? | higher than in the previous bulletin (81%) | The resistance to ciprofloxacin in Shigella spp.isolates (88%) is observed to be higher than in the previous bulletin (81%) while it has decreased for Ampicillin (from 81% in previous reporting period to 68% in the current reporting period), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (from 55% during previous reporting period to 48% in this reporting period), Azithromycin (from 35% during previous reporting period to 19% in this reporting period). In conclusion, the AMR findings in this bulletin highlight the need for implementation of Antimicrobial stewardship practices at healthcare settings to ensure judicious use of antibiotics, especially the last resort antibiotics. Effective surveillance mandates translation of evidence into meaningful action. | 81 | comparison | 0.920 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | The resistance to ciprofloxacin in Shigella spp.isolates (88%) is observed to be higher than in the previous bulletin (81%) while it has decreased for Ampicillin (from 81% in previous reporting period to 68% in the current reporting period), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (from 55% during previous reporting period to 48% in this reporting period), Azithromycin (from 35% during previous reporting period to 19% in this reporting period). | ||||
| What does the rise in resistant pathogens risk undoing? | decades of medical progress | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most significant global public health challenges of the 21st century. The increasing prevalence of resistant pathogens threatens to reverse decades of medical progress, rendering common infections more difficult to treat. many modern medical procedures, including surgery, cancer therapy, and organ transplantation, rely on effective antimicrobials and therefore become considerably riskier in the presence of widespread resistance. Addressing AMR requires urgent and coordinated global efforts encompassing strengthened surveillance, responsible antimicrobial use, continued innovation, and increased public and professional awareness. The Government of India has duly recognized the challenge posed by AMR and has undertaken initiatives to address this important public health issue. | 193 | relationship | 0.890 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr25.pdf | The increasing prevalence of resistant pathogens threatens to reverse decades of medical progress, rendering common infections more difficult to treat. | 1 | page=1,block=8 | 0.700 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 1 |
| page=1,block=8 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| page=2,block=35 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=8 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 11 |
| page=11,block=5 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |