114 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from amr28, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 34-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include national antimicrobial consumption network (nac-net), azithromycin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, cefoperazone & sulbactum, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, macrolides. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 55 factual, 19 definition, 16 list, 13 relationship, 9 summary, 2 comparison. 59 of the 114 pairs (51.8%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 55 are factual or table-based questions. 94.74% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 114 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a 34-page publication on antimicrobial consumption in India, sourced from ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The questions cover topics such as antibiotic consumption metrics, antimicrobial stewardship, and the classification of antibiotics under the WHO AWaRe framework. Each answer is a verbatim excerpt from the source document, with metadata specifying its location for verification. The dataset includes various question types, such as factual, definition, list, and summary, with over half focusing on explanatory content.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-6a97bcde05f87906db05e7ce9344d37f")
df.head()First 10 of 114 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What role does monitoring antibiotic usage play in the National Programme on AMR Containment in India? | one of the critical components of this program | Executive Summary National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) serves as the Nodal agency for the National Programme on AMR Containment in India. Monitoring antibiotic usage is one of the critical components of this program. To support this initiative, NCDC established the National Antibiotic Consumption Network (NAC-NET). | 175 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | Monitoring antibiotic usage is one of the critical components of this program. | 9 | page=9,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What defines a standard unit for estimating antibiotic consumption? | the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics | Inclusion criteria • Antibiotics consumed at the inpatient facilities of NAC-NET sites • Antibiotics prescribed through oral and parenteral routes Exclusion criteria • Antibiotics prescribed in any other route ex. topical preparations, eye/ear drops, gel, and suppositories • Other antibiotics like antifungal, antiviral, antitubercular, antiprotozoals Antibiotics were classified in J01 and P01 groups under the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 547 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | We reported consumption estimates in standard units (SUs) defined as the smallest dose of formulation like one tablet or capsule for oral solids, and one vial or ampoule for injectable antibiotics. | 13 | page=13,block=2 | 0.700 | |
| What system is applied to evaluate antibiotic usage in India? | WHO’s AWaRe (Access, Watch, and Reserve) classification system | One of the priorities of this programme is to carry out surveillance of antibiotic usage in healthcare settings across India. Under the AMR programme, National Antibiotic Consumption- Network (NAC-NET) comprising of Government tertiary health care facilities was established across 24 States and 3 Union territories (UTs) in a phased manner (Fig. 1). The global surveillance report for 2015 from 65 countries, does not include antibiotic consumption data from India. Limited research has been done to assess antibiotic consumption in India using the WHO’s AWaRe (Access, Watch, and Reserve) classification system and Defined Daily Doses (DDD) (6). This report is an effort to fill this gap by presenting a comprehensive analysis of antibiotic consumption data collected from twenty-nine NAC-NET sites during 2023. | 550 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | Limited research has been done to assess antibiotic consumption in India using the WHO’s AWaRe (Access, Watch, and Reserve) classification system and Defined Daily Doses (DDD) (6). | 11 | page=11,block=3 | ||
| What system is widely used for assessing antibiotic use and comparing consumption patterns? | Defined Daily Doses (DDD) system | This analysis follows the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) methodology and the Defined Daily Doses (DDD) system, which is widely used for assessing antibiotic use and comparing consumption patterns. Antibiotic consumption data can be used to (7): • recognize and detect changes in antibiotic exposure and use; • develop interventions to address the identified problems; • monitor the impact of interventions; • ensure prescribing practices adhere to appropriate guidelines; and • promote awareness of the adverse effects of inappropriate antibiotic use. | 88 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | This analysis follows the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) methodology and the Defined Daily Doses (DDD) system, which is widely used for assessing antibiotic use and comparing consumption patterns. | 11 | page=11,block=3 | 0.700 | valid |
| How is the Defined Daily Dose characterized? | The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults | Measures of antibiotic consumption Antibiotic consumption was measured in Defined Daily Doses. • Defined Daily Dose: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults (5). WHO AMC Tool 2019 v.1.9.0 was used to calculate DDDs of each volume of antibiotics. • Bed occupancy: Bed occupancy rate for each month was calculated using the formula – Bed occupancy rate / Bed days = Occupied beds / Available beds, • DDD/100-bed-days: This was calculated using the total number of beds for all sites and using the bed occupancy rate as 100%. Data collection and analysis At the site level, data collection is done by the pharmacist. | 117 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | • Defined Daily Dose: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults (5). | 15 | page=15,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the benefit of linking antimicrobial consumption data with antimicrobial resistance? | a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities | Conclusion Analysis of antimicrobial consumption across the the sites presents an interesting picture of the pattern and overall usage of antimicrobials. Linking consumption data with antimicrobial resistance will lead to a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities. Continued monitoring of the usage of Watch and Reserve category antimicrobials will support antimicrobial stewardship practices. | 222 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | Linking consumption data with antimicrobial resistance will lead to a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities. | 30 | page=30,block=2 | 0.800 | valid |
| What benefit comes from connecting antimicrobial consumption data with antimicrobial resistance? | a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities | Conclusion Analysis of antimicrobial consumption across the the sites presents an interesting picture of the pattern and overall usage of antimicrobials. Linking consumption data with antimicrobial resistance will lead to a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities. Continued monitoring of the usage of Watch and Reserve category antimicrobials will support antimicrobial stewardship practices. Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and use at the hospital level is an important tool in our fight against antimicrobial resistance. | 222 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | Linking consumption data with antimicrobial resistance will lead to a better understanding of the AMR issues in these facilities. | 30 | page=30,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What can antibiotic consumption data help ensure regarding prescribing practices? | ensure prescribing practices adhere to appropriate guidelines | This analysis follows the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) methodology and the Defined Daily Doses (DDD) system, which is widely used for assessing antibiotic use and comparing consumption patterns. Antibiotic consumption data can be used to (7): • recognize and detect changes in antibiotic exposure and use; • develop interventions to address the identified problems; • monitor the impact of interventions; • ensure prescribing practices adhere to appropriate guidelines; and • promote awareness of the adverse effects of inappropriate antibiotic use. | 420 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | Antibiotic consumption data can be used to (7): • recognize and detect changes in antibiotic exposure and use; • develop interventions to address the identified problems; • monitor the impact of interventions; • ensure prescribing practices adhere to appropriate guidelines; and • promote awareness of the adverse effects of inappropriate antibiotic use. | 11 | page=11,block=3 | 0.700 | |
| What can be created using antibiotic consumption data to address identified issues? | interventions to address the identified problems | This analysis follows the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) methodology and the Defined Daily Doses (DDD) system, which is widely used for assessing antibiotic use and comparing consumption patterns. Antibiotic consumption data can be used to (7): • recognize and detect changes in antibiotic exposure and use; • develop interventions to address the identified problems; • monitor the impact of interventions; • ensure prescribing practices adhere to appropriate guidelines; and • promote awareness of the adverse effects of inappropriate antibiotic use. | 329 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | Antibiotic consumption data can be used to (7): • recognize and detect changes in antibiotic exposure and use; • develop interventions to address the identified problems; • monitor the impact of interventions; • ensure prescribing practices adhere to appropriate guidelines; and • promote awareness of the adverse effects of inappropriate antibiotic use. | 11 | page=11,block=3 | 0.700 | |
| What does the variation in antibiotic use by administration route indicate about antimicrobial stewardship programs? | inconsistent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) | consumption due to the higher patient load. Consumption by route of administration is variable across the sites. the findings point to significant gaps in the rational use of antibiotics. The overuse of "Watch" antibiotics and the variability across sites suggest inconsistent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and limited adherence to Standard Treatment guidelines. These challenges underline the urgent need for targeted interventions to optimize antibiotic use at all NAC-NET sites. Limitation The consumption data compiled in this report is from the hospital pharmacy which only caters to in-patients of the hospital. Any antimicrobials prescribed to the patients that were purchased from other sources is not included, including antimicrobials prescribed to outpatients. | 264 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr28.pdf | The overuse of "Watch" antibiotics and the variability across sites suggest inconsistent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and limited adherence to Standard Treatment guidelines. |
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| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| valid |
| 30 |
| page=30,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |