375 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Microsoft Word - 2023 Annual AMR Surveillance Report 280723.docx, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 62-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include antimicrobial resistance (amr), escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl), carbapenem resistance, whonet, external quality assessment scheme (eqas), priority pathogens. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 162 factual, 151 table, 17 definition, 17 list, 12 relationship, 12 summary, 4 comparison. 62 of the 375 pairs (16.5%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 313 are factual or table-based questions. 99.20% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 375 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the 2023 Annual AMR Surveillance Report published by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), India. The report spans antimicrobial resistance trends, pathogen prevalence, and antibiotic susceptibility across 36 sentinel sites nationwide. Questions cover definitions, summaries, relationships, and comparisons, with answers sourced verbatim from the original document. The dataset highlights key findings such as resistance rates, pathogen distribution, and surveillance methodologies.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-469abed9c724d92d6967cd53c3a5bf3a")
df.head()First 10 of 375 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the compiled data in the National AMR surveillance program? | used to generate the annual National AMR surveillance report, shared with National and state stakeholders, and made available in the public domain3 | AMR surveillance under NARS-Net includes standardized collection, analysis, and compilation of AMR data from all the network sites. The compiled data is used to generate the annual National AMR surveillance report, shared with National and state stakeholders, and made available in the public domain3. Considering the challenges in testing methodology and quality and standardization issues with automated AST systems for Vancomycin-resistant S. | 153 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | The compiled data is used to generate the annual National AMR surveillance report, shared with National and state stakeholders, and made available in the public domain3. | 58 | page=58,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does cefoxitin indicate resistance to in Staphylococcus aureus isolates? | mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance or MRSA | Staphylococcus aureus constituted an overall 15% among the priority pathogen isolates (Table. 3). During the 2022 reporting period, a total of 18,694 S. aureus isolate AST data was submitted to NCDC of which 17,707 isolates were from unique patients. AST data analysis of 17,707 isolates indicates a significant contribution of S. aureus in bacteremia/septicemia and other systemic infections as the isolation rate from blood, aspirated pus, and sterile body fluids was 27%, 28%, and 11%, respectively. Almost two-thirds (59%) of S. aureus isolates from blood were resistant to cefoxitin (a surrogate marker for mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance or MRSA) meanwhile, the resistance to cefoxitin in S. aureus from pus aspirates and other sterile body fluids was lower in comparison to the blood isolates (Table 5). | 612 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | aureus isolates from blood were resistant to cefoxitin (a surrogate marker for mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance or MRSA) meanwhile, the resistance to cefoxitin in S. | 33 | page=33,block=8 | ||
| What is the goal of the External Quality Assessment Scheme for bacteriology? | confirmation of identification and AST | in place at their laboratories and participate in External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) for bacteriology. Each quarter, the network sites send a defined number of isolates for confirmation of identification and AST as apart of EQAS conducted by the NRL at Centre for Bacterial Diseases and Drug Resistance (CBDDR), NCDC. Apart from reporting the AMR data the sites are also mandated to share all emerging AMR alert isolates for confirmation to NRL at NCDC. NCDC provides continuous technical support to each sentinel surveillance network laboratory to ensure proper specimen collection, bacterial culture, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), quality management systems and data management. This includes virtual and in person hands-on trainings on WHONET data management software & laboratory techniques. | 180 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | Each quarter, the network sites send a defined number of isolates for confirmation of identification and AST as apart of EQAS conducted by the NRL at Centre for Bacterial Diseases and Drug Resistance (CBDDR), NCDC. | 22 | |||
| What is the goal of the annual National AMR Surveillance Report? | critical insights into India's evolving antimicrobial resistance trends | Conclusion: The annual National AMR Surveillance Report generated by NARS-Net provides critical insights into India's evolving antimicrobial resistance trends. Expanding the network to all states and Union Territories, along with continuous capacity building and quality assurance efforts, has improved the coverage and reliability of the surveillance data. It is essential to leverage these findings to inform evidence-based interventions, policies, and programs that will mitigate the threat of AMR and preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases in the country. | 87 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | Conclusion: The annual National AMR Surveillance Report generated by NARS-Net provides critical insights into India's evolving antimicrobial resistance trends. | 19 | page=19,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What method was used to analyze the trend of MRSA isolates in blood? | Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) | To observe significance in the trend of MRSA over the past 6 years, a linear trend analysis for MRSA isolates in blood was done using Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) and a significant decrease in the proportion of MRSA in blood was seen from the year 2018 (69%) to 2021 (59%) and when compared to 2021 the proportion of MRSA has remained constant in the year 2022 (59%) (Chi-square value for Linear trend-18.9, p value - <0.0001). Linezolid resistance in S. aureus isolated from blood has been consistently found to be lower than 1% in the last five years. in the year 2022, none of the S. aureus reported from blood were found to be resistant to linezolid [Fig. 8]. | 134 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | To observe significance in the trend of MRSA over the past 6 years, a linear trend analysis for MRSA isolates in blood was done using Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) and a significant decrease in the proportion of MRSA in blood was seen from the year 2018 (69%) to 2021 (59%) and when compared to 2021 the proportion of MRSA has remained constant in the year 2022 (59%) (Chi-square value for Linear trend-18.9, p value - <0.0001). | ||||
| What method was used to analyze the trend of VRE in blood isolates over five years? | Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) | (2018-2022) To observe the trend of VRE in the past 5 years, a linear trend Analysis for VRE for blood isolates was done using Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) and it was found that there is significant decrease in the proportion of VRE isolated from blood since the year | 127 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | (2018-2022) To observe the trend of VRE in the past 5 years, a linear trend Analysis for VRE for blood isolates was done using Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) and it was found that there is significant decrease in the proportion of VRE isolated from blood since the year | 39 | page=39,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| What statistical method was used for the linear trend analysis of ESBL-producing E. coli? | Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) | Fig 12: Trends of Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolated from blood [2017-2022] The linear trend Analysis for ESBL producing E. coli (Blood) was done using Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) and a significant decrease was observed in the proportion of ESBL in E. coli isolates from the year 2018 (81%) to 2021 (76%) and has remained constant in the current data reporting period of 2022 (p value - <0.0001). | 184 | definition | 1.000 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | coli (Blood) was done using Chi-square for trend (Extended Mantel Haenszel) and a significant decrease was observed in the proportion of ESBL in E. | 43 | page=43,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is Executive Summary Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)? | a very important global health issue and has been recognized as one of the top ten public health threats by the World Health Organization | I. Executive Summary Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a very important global health issue and has been recognized as one of the top ten public health threats by the World Health Organization. AMR poses significant challenges across sectors and necessitates strengthening global, national, and local AMR surveillance efforts. | 55 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | Executive Summary Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a very important global health issue and has been recognized as one of the top ten public health threats by the World Health Organization. | 17 | page=17,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is WHONET? | a free microbiology data entry and analysis software used under the programme to standardize AMR surveillance data flow from network sites to NCDC | Onsite hand holding visits and trainings were organized for the sites to strengthen bacteriology laboratory capacity, improving the quality of culture, ID and AST practices. WHONET is a free microbiology data entry and analysis software used under the programme to standardize AMR surveillance data flow from network sites to NCDC. In addition, hands-on trainings and tools were provided for developing facility level antibiograms for guiding the development of antibiotic policies. | 184 | definition | 0.980 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | WHONET is a free microbiology data entry and analysis software used under the programme to standardize AMR surveillance data flow from network sites to NCDC. | 22 | page=22,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| Why is most of the data collected from admitted patients? | limited utilization of the laboratory services for patients attending outpatient departments | The data mentioned in this report is limited to Government hospitals, mostly medical college hospitals which provide tertiary care as part of public healthcare system in India. Also, most of the data is from admitted patients due to limited utilization of the laboratory services for patients attending outpatient departments. Increasing resistance to reserve group1 of antibiotics poses a serious threat since no new drugs are in the pipeline. | 233 | relationship | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr34.pdf | Also, most of the data is from admitted patients due to limited utilization of the laboratory services for patients attending outpatient departments. | 19 | page=19,block=1 | 0.800 | valid |
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| 0.700 |
| valid |
| page=22,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 34 |
| page=34,block=3 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |