118 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from amr20, published by ncdc.mohfw.gov.in. The source is a 8-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include nars-net, antimicrobial resistance (amr), global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (glass), clinical & laboratory standards institute (clsi), whonet, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp.. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 99 factual, 8 list, 5 table, 3 summary, 2 comparison, 1 definition. 14 of the 118 pairs (11.9%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 104 are factual or table-based questions. 97.46% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 118 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the AMR20 publication by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). It focuses on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in India, covering pathogens like Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus species. The dataset includes factual, list, table, summary, comparison, and definition-based questions, with answers sourced directly from the publication. Key topics include resistance rates, laboratory networks, and government initiatives to combat AMR.
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("ncdc-mohfw-gov-in-0dbc117fef88f41c2378909803146fe4")
df.head()First 10 of 118 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is one goal of the National Programme on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Containment? | to establish a laboratory-based AMR surveillance system in the country to generate evidence on AMR burden | Government of India has taken several initiatives to combat AMR. One of the key initiative in human health sector is the launch of the "National Programme on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Containment" in 2013, during the 12th five-year plan (2012-2017). This programme is being coordinated by National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Delhi. One of the objective of the programme is to establish a laboratory-based AMR surveillance system in the country to generate evidence on AMR burden. The National AMR Surveillance Laboratory network (NARS-Net) established under the programme is being expanded in a phased manner throughout the country. NARS-Net currently includes 40 laboratories in 25 states and 6 UTs (Fig. 1). The sites perform bacterial culture, identification & antimicrobial susceptibity testing (AST) by manual methods and/or using automated systems. | 386 | summary | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | One of the objective of the programme is to establish a laboratory-based AMR surveillance system in the country to generate evidence on AMR burden. | 1 | page=1,block=6 | 0.700 | valid |
| What was the outcome of the Vancomycin screen agar test for Staphylococcus aureus isolates? | single isolate showed growth but was not confirmed using broth microdilution method | 3% AMR profile of priority pathogens Gram Positive Cocci AMR data of 17,117 Gram positive cocci from unique patients was submitted to NCDC during the reporting period. Staphylococcus aureus Staph aureus constituted 13% of the priority pathogens included in this data (Table. 1). This data is from 8,435 unique patients. Staph aureus isolation from blood, aspirated pus, and sterile body fluids was 20%, 28%, and 9% respectively. Fifty seven percent of these isolates from blood were MRSA 9Methicillin resistant Staph. aureus) that is resistant to cefoxitin (a surrogate marker for mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance). Similar resistance to cefoxitin was observed in isolates from pus aspirates (56%). Out of 5,445 isolates tested on Vancomycin screen agar, single isolate showed growth but was not confirmed using broth microdilution method. | 757 | summary | 0.970 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | Out of 5,445 isolates tested on Vancomycin screen agar, single isolate showed growth but was not confirmed using broth microdilution method. | 3 | |||
| What is cefoxitin used to indicate in the detection of MRSA? | mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance | 3% AMR profile of priority pathogens Gram Positive Cocci AMR data of 17,117 Gram positive cocci from unique patients was submitted to NCDC during the reporting period. Staphylococcus aureus Staph aureus constituted 13% of the priority pathogens included in this data (Table. 1). This data is from 8,435 unique patients. Staph aureus isolation from blood, aspirated pus, and sterile body fluids was 20%, 28%, and 9% respectively. Fifty seven percent of these isolates from blood were MRSA 9Methicillin resistant Staph. aureus) that is resistant to cefoxitin (a surrogate marker for mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance). Similar resistance to cefoxitin was observed in isolates from pus aspirates (56%). Out of 5,445 isolates tested on Vancomycin screen agar, single isolate showed growth but was not confirmed using broth microdilution method. | 581 | definition | 0.940 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | aureus) that is resistant to cefoxitin (a surrogate marker for mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance). | 3 | page=3,block=15 | 0.700 | valid |
| Where was antibiotic resistance higher among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood? | intensive care settings | Among the Staph aureus isolated from blood, resistance to all the surveillance panel antibiotics was found to be higher among isolates from intensive care settings in comparison to those from outpatient clinics and the inpatient wards. (Fig. 5a and 5b) | 140 | comparison | 0.840 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | Among the Staph aureus isolated from blood, resistance to all the surveillance panel antibiotics was found to be higher among isolates from intensive care settings in comparison to those from outpatient clinics and the inpatient wards. | 3 | page=3,block=15 | 0.700 | valid |
| Which pathogen had the highest resistance to colistin among gram-negative priority pathogens? | Klebsiella spp. | Among the urine isolates, 71% were found to be resistant to a third generation cephalosporins. Resistance to ertapenem 47%; (CI:44.8-50) was highest amongst the carbapenems. Among the urine isolates, amikacin resistance was observed in 38% (CI:36.4- 39.1) of isolates and 45% (CI: 44.0-46.6) showed resistance to nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella spp. isolated from blood showed high resistance for second and third generation cephalosporins (86-88%). the carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella spp isolated from blood was also found to be high 76%. Resistance to colistin was found to be highest in Klebsiella spp. among the gram- negative priority pathogens. | 329 | comparison | 0.840 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | Among the urine isolates, amikacin resistance was observed in 38% (CI:36.4- 39.1) of isolates and 45% (CI: 44.0-46.6) showed resistance to nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella spp. isolated from blood showed high resistance for second and third generation cephalosporins (86-88%). | 5 | page=5,block=68 | 0.700 | valid |
| From which types of samples was Pseudomonas species isolated at a rate of 15%? | pus aspirates and from sterile body fluids | Colistin Minocycline TMP/SMX Meropenem Gentamicin Amikacin Ciprofloxacin Imipenem Pip/Taz Ceftazidime % Resistance Antibiotics tested Intensive Care (1134) In patient (1688) Out patient (165) a) Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Among the Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli collected during Jan-June 2023 across all NARS-Net sentinel sites, Pseudomonas species (7,054) was the most isolated pathogen followed by Acinetobacter species (6,980) (Table 1). Pseudomonas species was predominantly isolated from inpatients (11 %), while Acinetobacter species was isolated mostly from patients in ICU—settings (22 %). (Fig.6) Pseudomonas species A total of 7,588 of Pseudomonas species isolates were reported from 7,054 unique patients. The isolation rate of Pseudomonas species was 10% from blood, 15% each from pus aspirates and from sterile body fluids and 7% from urine. | 810 | list | 0.820 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | The isolation rate of Pseudomonas species was 10% from blood, 15% each from pus aspirates and from sterile body fluids and 7% from urine. | 7 | page=7,block=48 | ||
| How many isolates were resistant to colistin, and from which types of samples were they collected? | Six isolates from OSBF, one from pus aspirate and four from urine were resistance to colistin. | Resistance in blood isolates of E. coli was found to be 38% (CI:35.5-41.1) to imipenem and 32% (CI:29.3-35.7) to meropenem whereas among non-beta-lactam antibiotics, 67% (CI: 64.7-70.1) resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin and 54% (CI:50.7-56.7) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Among urine isolates, 13% showed resistance to nitrofurantoin and 4% to fosfomycin. Seventy five percent of urine isolates were found to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Six isolates from OSBF, one from pus aspirate and four from urine were resistance to colistin. Klebsiella species In this data, a total of 15,352 Klebsiella spp. were reported, of which 14,246 were from unique patients. Most of the Klebsiella spp. reported was from urine (22%) followed by blood (21%) and other sterile body fluids (21%) (Table 1). | 470 | list | 0.820 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | Seventy five percent of urine isolates were found to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Six isolates from OSBF, one from pus aspirate and four from urine were resistance to colistin. Klebsiella species In this data, a total of 15,352 Klebsiella spp. | ||||
| What specimen types are used to isolate priority pathogens for antimicrobial resistance surveillance? | blood, urine, pus & other sterile body fluids | Currently NARS-Net sentinel sites conduct lab-based AMR Surveillance of nine priority bacterial pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. Salmonella Typhi & Paratyphi, Shigella spp. Vibrio cholerae, the last 2 pathogens have been included under surveillance since March 2023. All the participating network sites report AMR data of priority pathogens isolated from 4 specimen types (blood, urine, pus & other sterile body fluids) to NCDC on a monthly basis. The network sites are mandated to ensure internal quality controls (IQC) within the laboratory and participate in External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) to ensure the reliability of test results. | 475 | list | 0.820 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | All the participating network sites report AMR data of priority pathogens isolated from 4 specimen types (blood, urine, pus & other sterile body fluids) to NCDC on a monthly basis. | 1 | page=1,block=10 | 0.700 | |
| What techniques are used by NARS-Net sites for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing? | manual methods and/or using automated systems | Government of India has taken several initiatives to combat AMR. One of the key initiative in human health sector is the launch of the "National Programme on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Containment" in 2013, during the 12th five-year plan (2012-2017). This programme is being coordinated by National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Delhi. One of the objective of the programme is to establish a laboratory-based AMR surveillance system in the country to generate evidence on AMR burden. The National AMR Surveillance Laboratory network (NARS-Net) established under the programme is being expanded in a phased manner throughout the country. NARS-Net currently includes 40 laboratories in 25 states and 6 UTs (Fig. 1). The sites perform bacterial culture, identification & antimicrobial susceptibity testing (AST) by manual methods and/or using automated systems. | 821 | list | 0.820 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | The sites perform bacterial culture, identification & antimicrobial susceptibity testing (AST) by manual methods and/or using automated systems. | 1 | |||
| What types of technical support does the AMR programme unit at NCDC provide to sentinel surveillance network laboratories? | on-site support visits, virtual and in person trainings and review meetings | Each quarter, the network sites submit defined number of isolates for EQAS to the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) located in Centre for Bacterial Diseases and Drug Resistance (CBDDR) at NCDC. In addition the sites are mandated to submit all emerging AMR alert isolates, as defined under the programme, to NCDC for confirmation. The AMR programme unit at NCDC provides support to the sentinel surveillance network laboratories to ensure quality lab testing including bacterial identification and AST. Technical support is also provided through on-site support visits, virtual and in person trainings and review meetings. This support has enabled substantial strengthening of bacteriology laboratory capacity at sites. | 547 | list | 0.820 | https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/uploads/pdf/amr20.pdf | Technical support is also provided through on-site support visits, virtual and in person trainings and review meetings. | 1 | page=1,block=10 | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| page=3,block=15 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 5 |
| page=5,block=68 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| page=1,block=6 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |