2172 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from 5th FC Digitised, published by fincomindia.nic.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 395 of the 2172 pairs (18.2%) are explanatory questions and 1777 restate a figure. 98.25% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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Strong coverage with minor gaps in documentation or freshness.
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First 10 of 2,172 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is considered a comparable system to address the financial needs of claimant States in federations? | the Australian Commonwealth Grants Commission, which examines annually the plea of the claimant States of Australia for Commonwealth assistance | No such machinery for periodical readjustments has been provided for in any of the older federations. The only near parallel is the Australian Commonwealth Grants Commission, which examines annually the plea of the claimant States of Australia for Commonwealth assistance. This body, however, is not constituted under the Australian Constitution but by a Commonwealth law; it has no power to suggest changes in tax-sharing or to recommend conditional grants. | 128 | definition | 1.000 | The only near parallel is the Australian Commonwealth Grants Commission, which examines annually the plea of the claimant States of Australia for Commonwealth assistance. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What was the Fourth Finance Commission not specifically asked to consider? | not specifically asked to take into consideration the requirements of the Fourth Plan | This recommendation was, however, not accepted by the Government of India. The Fourth Finance Commission was not specifically asked to take into consideration the requirements of the Fourth Plan. While it did not consider itself precluded from recommending Plan grants, it did not do so, because it considered it desirable that the Planning Commission, having been specifically constituted for this purpose, should have unhampered authority in this domain. | 109 | definition | 1.000 | The Fourth Finance Commission was not specifically asked to take into consideration the requirements of the Fourth Plan. | 17 | page=17,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is necessary even when there is a balanced budget? | a balanced budget, it is necessary that a careful watch is maintained on the flow of receipts and expenditure throughout the year | 50. Even when there is a balanced budget, it is necessary that a careful watch is maintained on the flow of receipts and expenditure throughout the year. We consider it an indispensable ingredient of sound financial administration that every State should have an effective way and means section in its Finance Department. | 23 | definition | 1.000 | Even when there is a balanced budget, it is necessary that a careful watch is maintained on the flow of receipts and expenditure throughout the year. | 255 | page=255,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the nature of grants under Article 275? | must in their very nature be variable and they have to be related to the needs of particular States | Crores) Commissions First year of the Commission's period Devolution of taxes in the preceding year Devolution of taxes in the first year of the Commission's period First 1952-53 52.66 73. Second 1957-58 78.25 120. Third 1962-63 192.86 236. Fourth 1966-67 288.56 384. The principles of distribution of income-tax and Union excise duties among States inter se have also been varied by the Finance Commissions from time to time. These facts constitute a strong case against rigid determination of the States' share in the Constitution itself. Grants under Article 275 must in their very nature be variable and they have to be related to the needs of particular States. But recourse to Article 275 or Article 282 may not be sufficient in itself to meet the needs of additional transfers to States. | 566 | definition | 1.000 | Grants under Article 275 must in their very nature be variable and they have to be related to the needs of particular States. | 14 | page=14,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the primary objective of a purposive scheme of federal finance? | augment the States' own limited resources so as to help them meet their expanding need for expenditure | 2. A purposive scheme of federal finance should be designed to serve the following two broad purposes. It should, firstly, augment the States' own limited resources so as to help them meet their expanding need for expenditure as far as that can be done from surpluses of the Union. It must be remembered that the Government of India are not in the happy situation of certain other Federal Governments, whose surpluses are sometimes so large as to create a deflationary influence on the economy. A large transfer to the States means a greater dent in the funds of the Government of India, who have to provide for the compulsive requirements of national defence, situations of national emergency, and the equally imperative overall needs of planning. The pre-emptive character of the financial needs of the Union constitutes a limiting factor in formulating the scheme of | 123 | definition | 1.000 | It should, firstly, augment the States' own limited resources so as to help them meet their expanding need for expenditure as far as that can be done from surpluses of the Union. | 15 | page=15,block=3 | ||
| What is the goal of implementing a more targeted redistributive policy? | to distinguish between more advanced and less developed States | The progress of the nation depends, in a real sense, on the development of the weaker States and there is a danger that large and persistent disparities in the basic service levels in different States would weaken national unity and strength. Substantial amounts distributed among States on the basis of population have the result, to some extent, of reducing disparities between their resources. But the need for equalisation demands a more positive redistributive policy. Such purposive distribution of funds has to distinguish between more advanced and less developed States. | 515 | definition | 1.000 | Such purposive distribution of funds has to distinguish between more advanced and less developed States. | 16 | page=16,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the aim of Article 275 of the Constitution? | help the States which are less developed and have less capacity to raise resources of their own | Where the general level of economic development of the country is not high, the degree to which backward States can be assisted to come up to the average level of services is a matter for detailed assessment, but there can be no doubt that Article 275 of the Constitution is designed to help the States which are less developed and have less capacity to raise resources of their own. How far such transfers can be made available to enable States with low per capita income to improve their level of services, and the stages by which that should be done, are matters to be decided not merely on fiscal considerations, but with due regard also to the promotion of a sense of national unity. | 287 | definition | 1.000 | Where the general level of economic development of the country is not high, the degree to which backward States can be assisted to come up to the average level of services is a matter for detailed assessment, but there can be no doubt that Article 275 of the Constitution is designed to help the States which are less developed and have less capacity to raise resources of their own. | 16 | page=16,block=0 | ||
| What has traditionally been the basis for determining grants under Article 275? | to cover by such grants the non-Plan revenue deficits left after taking tax devolutions into account. | We have also modified the principles of distribution of the States' share among them, with a view to giving greater weightage to population and increasing the relative shares of States which have lower per capita income and are economically more backward. 2. The question of determining the quantum of grants under Article 275 raises several important considerations. The general principle followed hitherto has been to cover by such grants the non-Plan revenue deficits left after taking tax devolutions into account. From our analysis of the States' forecasts, it was clear to us that States' deficits on revenue account could not be entirely ascribed to their low taxable capacity or their special problems. In some States the rates of taxes are much lower than the general level of rates levied by other States. | 417 | definition | 1.000 | The general principle followed hitherto has been to cover by such grants the non-Plan revenue deficits left after taking tax devolutions into account. From our analysis of the States' forecasts, it was clear to us that States' deficits on revenue account could not be entirely ascribed to their low taxable capacity or their special problems. | ||||
| What category of income taxes is addressed for distribution under Article 270 of the Constitution? | taxes on income other than agricultural income | Chapter 3 INCOME-TAX 3. Under item (a) of paragraph 4 of the President's Order dated the 29th February, 1968, this Commission is required to make recommendations as to "the distribution between the Union and the States of the net proceeds of taxes which are to be, or may be, divided between them under Chapter I of Part XII of the Constitution and the allocation between the States of the respective shares of such proceeds." Under this item we have to consider the distribution of: (1) taxes on income other than agricultural income, in accordance with Article 270 of the Constitution, and (2) Union duties of excise which may be divided between the Union and the States under Article 272 of the Constitution, if Parliament by law so provides. In this Chapter we shall deal with the distribution of proceeds of taxes on income other than agricultural income. 3. | 488 | definition | 1.000 | Under item (a) of paragraph 4 of the President's Order dated the 29th February, 1968, this Commission is required to make recommendations as to "the distribution between the Union and the States of the net proceeds of taxes which are to be, or may be, divided between them under Chapter I of Part XII of the Constitution and the allocation between the States of the respective shares of such proceeds." Under this item we have to consider the distribution of: (1) taxes on income other than agricultural income, in accordance with Article 270 of the Constitution, and (2) Union duties of excise | ||||
| What does item (a) of the supplementary reference address? | the distribution of the unadjusted amount of advance tax collected under the income-tax law during the years upto 1966-67 | Item (a) of the supplementary reference relates to the distribution of the unadjusted amount of advance tax collected under the income-tax law during the years upto 1966-67. | 51 | definition | 1.000 | Item (a) of the supplementary reference relates to the distribution of the unadjusted amount of advance tax collected under the income-tax law during the years upto 1966-67. | 25 | page=25,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 0.700 |
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| 0.700 |
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| page=22,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
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| page=24,block=1 |
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