AgricultureEnglish6.4/10 · BronzeCSV file availableUpdated 20 Oct 2026

Agronomic bio-fortification of rice by inorganic and organic sources of nutrients | Annals of Agricultural Research - Question and Answer Dataset

Name: Agronomic bio-fortification of rice by inorganic and organic sources of nutrients | Annals of Agricultural Research - Question and Answer Dataset
Creator: epubs.icar.org.in
Keywords: Agriculture, question-answering, extractive-qa, agronomic-bio-fortification, rice, inorganic-sources, organic-sources, micronutrients, cytokinin, hkr-127, hkr-47, brown-rice

#question-answering#extractive-qa#agronomic-bio-fortification#rice#inorganic-sources#organic-sources#micronutrients#cytokinin#hkr-127#hkr-47#brown-rice

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About this dataset

8 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Agronomic bio-fortification of rice by inorganic and organic sources of nutrients, published by epubs.icar.org.in. Source-evidenced topics include agronomic bio-fortification, rice, inorganic sources, organic sources, micronutrients, cytokinin, hkr 127, hkr 47. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 4 relationship, 3 factual, 1 summary. 5 of the 8 pairs (62.5%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 3 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.

The story in this dataset

Micronutrient enrichment in rice through agronomic treatments

This dataset explores agronomic bio-fortification of rice using inorganic and organic nutrient sources, based on field investigations conducted during the kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014. It includes eight question-and-answer pairs derived from a study published by epubs.icar.org.in. The research examined the effects of treatments like soil application of zinc (Zn), foliar application of iron (Fe), and the use of farmyard manure (FYM) and cytokinin on micronutrient enrichment in rice grains and straw. Two rice varieties, HKR 127 and HKR 47, were studied for their nutrient uptake and retention patterns.

Impact of Zn and Fe applications: Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe significantly increased their concentrations in grains and straw.

Retention of nutrients in straw

73.5% Zn and 70% Fe absorbed by the crop were retained in straw.

“Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%).”(dataset row 6)

“Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%).”(dataset row 7)

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First 8 of 8 rows

Sample rows from Agronomic bio-fortification of rice by inorganic and organic sources of nutrients | Annals of Agricultural Research - Question and Answer Dataset
question	answer	context	answer_start	question_type	knowledge_quality_score	source_document	source_quote	source_location	confidence	validation_status
What additional treatments increased the content of Zn and Fe in rice?	use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	781	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	p[0]	0.700	valid
What was the impact of soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe on rice grains and straw?	significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	451	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application.
Which treatment resulted in the highest Fe concentration in rice grain?	both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	173	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources.
Which treatment resulted in the highest Zn concentration in rice grain?	inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	56	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources.
What was the purpose of the field investigations on rice crop during kharif season of 2013 and 2014?	to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	89	summary	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe.
What percentage of Fe absorbed by the crop was retained in straw?	70% Fe	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	449	factual	0.370	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%).	p[0]	0.700	valid
What percentage of Zn absorbed by the crop was retained in straw?	73.5% Zn	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	436	factual	0.370	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%).	p[0]	0.700	valid
Which rice variety showed higher uptake of Zn and Fe?	HKR 127	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	711	factual	0.370	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127.	p[0]	0.700	valid

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df = desidata.load("epubs-icar-org-in-21e7f2c9479dd5ea2661ecb86e335704")
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Preview

First 8 of 8 rows

Sample rows from Agronomic bio-fortification of rice by inorganic and organic sources of nutrients | Annals of Agricultural Research - Question and Answer Dataset
question	answer	context	answer_start	question_type	knowledge_quality_score	source_document	source_quote	source_location	confidence	validation_status
What additional treatments increased the content of Zn and Fe in rice?	use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	781	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	p[0]	0.700	valid
What was the impact of soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe on rice grains and straw?	significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	451	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application.
Which treatment resulted in the highest Fe concentration in rice grain?	both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	173	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources.
Which treatment resulted in the highest Zn concentration in rice grain?	inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	56	relationship	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources.
What was the purpose of the field investigations on rice crop during kharif season of 2013 and 2014?	to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	89	summary	0.970	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe.
What percentage of Fe absorbed by the crop was retained in straw?	70% Fe	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	449	factual	0.370	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%).	p[0]	0.700	valid
What percentage of Zn absorbed by the crop was retained in straw?	73.5% Zn	The highest Zn concentration in grain was achieved when inorganic sources were supplemented with either FYM or cytokinin whereas grain Fe concentration was the highest when both FYM and cytokin in were applied along with the inorganic sources. The effect of various enrichment treatments on uptake of both the micronutrients was similar to that on their concentration. Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%). It was concluded that in addition to supply of Zn and Fe to the crop through inorganic means, it is necessary to apply either FYM or cytokinin for enrichment of rice grain with Zn whereas addition of both FYM and cytokinin is needed for enrichment with Fe.	436	factual	0.370	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	Most of the nutrients absorbed by the crop were retained in straw (73.5% Zn and 70% Fe) with variety HKR 47 retaining more Zn in its grains (28.4%) than HKR 127 (24.6%).	p[0]	0.700	valid
Which rice variety showed higher uptake of Zn and Fe?	HKR 127	Field investigations on rice crop were carried out during kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on extent of enrichment of rice with micronutrients Zn and Fe. The treatments consisted of two rice varieties and five enrichment treatments consisting of various inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. Soil application of Zn and foliar application of Fe through inorganic sources significantly increased the concentration of both the nutrients in grains (brown rice) as well as in straw over their no application. The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127. The content of both the nutrients further increased with the use of FYM or cytokinein along with the inorganic sources.	711	factual	0.370	https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/AAR/article/view/127510	The varieties did not differ with respect to their micronutrient concentration but uptake of both the nutrients was higher in HKR 127.	p[0]	0.700	valid

Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.

Agronomic bio-fortification of rice by inorganic and organic sources of nutrients | Annals of Agricultural Research - Question and Answer Dataset

About this dataset

Micronutrient enrichment in rice through agronomic treatments

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