293 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Guidde for Seed Potatos, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The source is a 112-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include recommended diagnostics, visual observation, seed potatoes, mild mosaic, dry rot, not regulated, rhizoctonia solani, seed potato. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 90 factual, 83 relationship, 54 list, 45 summary, 17 definition, 4 comparison. 203 of the 293 pairs (69.3%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 90 are factual or table-based questions. 99.66% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 293 question-and-answer pairs derived from the 'Guidde for Seed Potatos' publication by agritech.tnau.ac.in. It focuses on seed potato diseases, symptoms, diagnostics, and management practices. Questions span factual, explanatory, and relationship types, addressing topics like tuber rot, nematodes, and environmental impacts. Each answer is sourced directly from the publication, ensuring traceability to the original document. The dataset provides detailed insights into agricultural challenges and solutions for seed potato cultivation.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("agritech-tnau-ac-in-f8fa2c6973ff5adbf70bbc57fdef16cf")
df.head()First 10 of 293 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What do the galls on potato roots represent in plants infested by Meloidogyne species? | abnormal plant growths formed around feeding juvenile nematodes. | Status in UNECE: Zero tolerance. Recommended diagnostics: Visual observation of tubers, microscopic examination of cut tubers, and PCR test. Symptoms: Several species of Meloidogyne cause symptoms on potatoes. Two of these are recognized in the Standard: M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. In growing plants, knots or galls develop on the roots. The galls are abnormal plant growths formed around feeding juvenile nematodes. Galls may be produced on the tuber surface, depending on the variety. Tuber galls appear as small, raised lumps above the developing nematodes, giving the skin a rough appearance. Galls may be grouped in a single area or scattered near the eyes. When infested tubers are cut, small brown spots may be seen within the tuber cortex. Each spot represents a mature female surrounded by a mass of brown eggs. Inoculum: Mainly spread by planting infested seed potatoes. | 353 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | The galls are abnormal plant growths formed around feeding juvenile nematodes. Galls may be produced on the tuber surface, depending on the variety. | 86 | page=86,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the purpose of cutting tubers during inspection? | to establish the presence or absence of internal defects | 1. Scope: All seed potato lots to be certified under the Standard must be inspected before marketing. 2. Inspection method: A randomly collected sample representative of the seed potato tubers in a lot should be taken for inspection of tuber size and quality. The tubers need to be sufficiently clean to allow for a visual inspection, tubers should not be caked with soil. Tubers of the sample may be cut to establish the presence or absence of internal defects. If tuber samples are to be assessed for internal defects and diseases, they should be cut along the longitudinal axis, drawn through the widest part of the tuber (i.e. from the stem-end to the bud-end), and examined. 3. Calculation of results: During the inspection process, a tuber should only be counted once for a disease. | 405 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | Tubers of the sample may be cut to establish the presence or absence of internal defects. | 11 | page=11,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What symptoms indicate that tubers have become shrivelled? | Tubers which have lost their turgidity and have become wrinkled and pliable. | Status in UNECE: Tolerance for shrivelled tubers. Recommended diagnostics: Visual observation of tubers. Symptoms: Tubers which have lost their turgidity and have become wrinkled and pliable. Causes: Tubers become shrivelled when they are dehydrated. This can have a number of causes, including: excessive forced air ventilation; tuber moisture loss due to skin blemish diseases like silver scurf; long-term storage and sprouting. Control: Monitor tubers carefully during curing. Store tubers in appropriate conditions for the variety and duration of storage. Minimize skin blemish diseases and market at-risk stocks early. Shrivelled tubers | 115 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | Symptoms: Tubers which have lost their turgidity and have become wrinkled and pliable. Causes: Tubers become shrivelled when they are dehydrated. | 108 | page=108,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What type of norms does the Standard for Seed Potatoes set? | harmonized norms in quality requirements for seed potatoes | Seed potato certification is the process of assuring the quality of seed potatoes being marketed, usually done nationally according to regulated standards. Planting healthy seed potatoes is a key factor in maximizing the production of usable potatoes for consumption or processing. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has drawn up an international-reference quality Standard for Seed Potatoes to help producers do exactly this. The Standard sets out a common terminology and minimum requirements for certifying high-quality seed potatoes for international trade. It covers: • varietal identity and purity • genealogy and traceability • diseases and pests • external tuber quality and physiology • sizing and labelling. It is a marketing standard setting harmonized norms in quality requirements for seed potatoes. | 776 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | It is a marketing standard setting harmonized norms in quality requirements for seed potatoes. | 8 | page=8,block=1 | 0.700 | |
| What type of rot develops in the tubers as the disease progresses? | The rot is odourless and cheesy or crumbly. | Status in UNECE: Zero tolerance. Recommended diagnostics: Visual observation of plants and tubers, test by IF (immuno- fluorescence) and PCR. Symptoms: Plant: Symptoms which generally occur late in the season are fairly typical of a vascular wilt, usually affecting the lower leaves and, sometimes, accompanied by leaf rolling. Areas between the leaf veins become chlorotic and the leaf margins become necrotic. Symptoms can be difficult to distinguish from those of other diseases and crop damage. Tubers: The vascular ring and surrounding tissue are pale- yellow or glassy, becoming darker as the disease progresses. The rot is odourless and cheesy or crumbly. Rotting may later extend into the central pith. As the rot develops in the vascular ring, the skin becomes discoloured and deep cracks develop. Inoculum: Seed-borne: Tubers of some varieties can be symptomlessly infected. | 619 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | Tubers: The vascular ring and surrounding tissue are pale- yellow or glassy, becoming darker as the disease progresses. The rot is odourless and cheesy or crumbly. Rotting may later extend into the central pith. | ||||
| What are Leaf symptoms? | a distinctive pinching towards the tip of the leaflet, accompanied by purplish-red or yellow margins | Symptoms: Plant: mottling and distortion of leaves, and stunting of some or all stems. Leaf symptoms are a distinctive pinching towards the tip of the leaflet, accompanied by purplish-red or yellow margins. Tubers may develop spraing (see PMTV): brown, corky arcs and spots in the tuber flesh which are sometimes visible on the skin surface. | 105 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | Leaf symptoms are a distinctive pinching towards the tip of the leaflet, accompanied by purplish-red or yellow margins. | 56 | page=56,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are Netted scab symptoms? | a superficial corky russeting of the skin | Sometimes symptoms can appear similar to powdery scab. Netted scab symptoms are a superficial corky russeting of the skin. Inoculum: Soil-borne. | 80 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | Netted scab symptoms are a superficial corky russeting of the skin. | 72 | page=72,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are Physiological cracks? | caused by rapid tuber expansion often triggered by an increase in soil moisture following a dry period | Causes: Growth cracks can be caused by a number of factors or combinations of these. Physiological cracks are caused by rapid tuber expansion often triggered by an increase in soil moisture following a dry period. Virus cracks: growth cracking can be associated with virus infection (mosaic viruses and PMTV) with tuber symptoms usually indistinguishable from physiological cracking. | 110 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | Physiological cracks are caused by rapid tuber expansion often triggered by an increase in soil moisture following a dry period. | 102 | page=102,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Seed potato certification? | the process of assuring the quality of seed potatoes being marketed, usually done nationally according to regulated standards | Seed potato certification is the process of assuring the quality of seed potatoes being marketed, usually done nationally according to regulated standards. Planting healthy seed potatoes is a key factor in maximizing the production of usable potatoes for consumption or processing. | 29 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | Seed potato certification is the process of assuring the quality of seed potatoes being marketed, usually done nationally according to regulated standards. | 8 | page=8,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is internal rot? | a reddish-brown, granular rot which can remain close to the surface or progress to the centre of the tuber | Symptoms: Infected tubers usually develop a dark-brown, sometimes purplish, area on the tuber surface. The internal rot is a reddish-brown, granular rot which can remain close to the surface or progress to the centre of the tuber. Development of the rot is irregular and without a distinct leading edge; it can also be thread-like. | 123 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Guidde%20for%20Seed%20Potatos.pdf | The internal rot is a reddish-brown, granular rot which can remain close to the surface or progress to the centre of the tuber. | 30 | page=30,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| valid |
| 66 |
| page=66,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |