1512 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Weed Identification, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The source is a 368-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include weed identification, weed biology, weed management, biodiversity, agroecosystem, herbicide, sustainable production methods, national weed surveillance project. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 1207 factual, 182 definition, 80 summary, 23 relationship, 18 list, 2 comparison. 305 of the 1512 pairs (20.2%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 1207 are factual or table-based questions. 99.67% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 1512 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from the 'Weed Identification' publication by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The dataset spans topics such as weed biology, management, biodiversity, and herbicide use, with answers directly quoted from the source material. Questions are categorized into factual, definition, summary, relationship, list, and comparison types. The dataset is designed for precise weed identification and management insights, with 99.67% of rows meeting quality standards.
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df = desidata.load("agritech-tnau-ac-in-ddebd6256958602579f336bbe861374d")
df.head()First 10 of 1.5K+ rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How is the term 'oblanceolate' defined in botany? | Oblanceolate : Lanceolate, with the more pointed end at the base. | Mucro : A stiff or sharp, short projection of the midvein abruptly terminating an organ. Mucronate : Abruptly tipped with a mucro, accompanied or not by a small amount of leaf tissue. Muricate : With numerous short hard outgrowths. Muriculate : With numerous minute hard outgrowths; a diminutive of muricate. Narrowly : Having a length:breadth ratio between 3:1 and 6:1; if the ratio is more than 6:1 then the shape is described as very narrowly, except in the case of very narrowly oblong which is termed linear. Nut : Dry indehiscent 1-celled fruit with a hard pericarp. Obcordate : A 2-dimensional shape; broad and notched at the tip; heart shaped but attached at the pointed end. Oblanceolate : Lanceolate, with the more pointed end at the base. Oblong : A 2-dimensional shape; rectangular with a length:breadth ratio between 3:2 and 2:1. | 684 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Obcordate : A 2-dimensional shape; broad and notched at the tip; heart shaped but attached at the pointed end. Oblanceolate : Lanceolate, with the more pointed end at the base. Oblong : A 2-dimensional shape; rectangular with a length:breadth ratio between 3:2 and 2:1. | 27 | page=27,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are the characteristics of the flowers of Oldenlandia herbacea? | Solitary or in pairs on long stalks, axillary at the nodes, up to 5 mm in diameter, white or mauve. | Weed ID Manual 239 Habit: Stem: Leaves: Flowers: Fruits: Annual or perennial herb. Much-branched wiry stems, often intertwined. Small, linear-lanceolate. Solitary or in pairs on long stalks, axillary at the nodes, up to 5 mm in diameter, white or mauve. Small, round capsules. Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. Common Name : Family : Rubiaceae Slender oldenlandia | 154 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Small, linear-lanceolate. Solitary or in pairs on long stalks, axillary at the nodes, up to 5 mm in diameter, white or mauve. Small, round capsules. | 269 | page=269,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are the characteristics of the flowers of Oxalis corniculata? | Yellow, axillary in umbellate clusters on slender axillary peduncles. | Habit: Stem: Leaves: Flowers: Fruits: A small annual or perennial, procumbent or more or less erect herb, 6-25 cm high. Pubescent with appressed hairs. Palmately trifoliate; leaflets 1.2-2.5 cm long, obcordate, base cuneate, margins entire; petioles 3.5-9 cm long, very slender, pubescent. Yellow, axillary in umbellate clusters on slender axillary peduncles. Capsules 2 cm long, linear-oblong, 5-angles, tomentose. Seeds: Dark brown, broadly ovoid, transversely striate. Oxalis corniculata L. Common Name : Family : Oxalidaceae Creeping wood sorrel Weed ID Manual 242 | 290 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Palmately trifoliate; leaflets 1.2-2.5 cm long, obcordate, base cuneate, margins entire; petioles 3.5-9 cm long, very slender, pubescent. Yellow, axillary in umbellate clusters on slender axillary peduncles. Capsules 2 cm long, linear-oblong, 5-angles, tomentose. | 272 | page=272,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are the characteristics of the flowers of Oxlis martiana? | Red or purplish, in one or several umbels on branches of different lengths which rise above the leaves. | Habit: Stem: Leaves: Flowers: Fruits: A small, delicate, stemless perennial herb, 5-15 cm high. Bulbs or bulbous underground stems covered with brown, 3-ribbed scales. Leaflets 3, slightly hairy, broadly ovate, each about 1 inch across, with a notch at the tip of the midrib, on long leafstalks. Red or purplish, in one or several umbels on branches of different lengths which rise above the leaves. Capsule, usually falIs without maturing seeds. Oxlis martiana Zucc. Common Name : Family : Oxalidaceae Lilac oxalis Weed ID Manual 243 | 296 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Leaflets 3, slightly hairy, broadly ovate, each about 1 inch across, with a notch at the tip of the midrib, on long leafstalks. Red or purplish, in one or several umbels on branches of different lengths which rise above the leaves. Capsule, usually falIs without maturing seeds. | 273 | page=273,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are the characteristics of the leaves of Oxalis corniculata? | Palmately trifoliate; leaflets 1.2-2.5 cm long, obcordate, base cuneate, margins entire; petioles 3.5-9 cm long, very slender, pubescent. | Habit: Stem: Leaves: Flowers: Fruits: A small annual or perennial, procumbent or more or less erect herb, 6-25 cm high. Pubescent with appressed hairs. Palmately trifoliate; leaflets 1.2-2.5 cm long, obcordate, base cuneate, margins entire; petioles 3.5-9 cm long, very slender, pubescent. Yellow, axillary in umbellate clusters on slender axillary peduncles. Capsules 2 cm long, linear-oblong, 5-angles, tomentose. Seeds: Dark brown, broadly ovoid, transversely striate. Oxalis corniculata L. Common Name : Family : Oxalidaceae Creeping wood sorrel Weed ID Manual 242 | 152 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Pubescent with appressed hairs. Palmately trifoliate; leaflets 1.2-2.5 cm long, obcordate, base cuneate, margins entire; petioles 3.5-9 cm long, very slender, pubescent. Yellow, axillary in umbellate clusters on slender axillary peduncles. | 272 | page=272,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are the characteristics of the leaves of Oxlis martiana? | Leaflets 3, slightly hairy, broadly ovate, each about 1 inch across, with a notch at the tip of the midrib, on long leafstalks. | Habit: Stem: Leaves: Flowers: Fruits: A small, delicate, stemless perennial herb, 5-15 cm high. Bulbs or bulbous underground stems covered with brown, 3-ribbed scales. Leaflets 3, slightly hairy, broadly ovate, each about 1 inch across, with a notch at the tip of the midrib, on long leafstalks. Red or purplish, in one or several umbels on branches of different lengths which rise above the leaves. Capsule, usually falIs without maturing seeds. Oxlis martiana Zucc. Common Name : Family : Oxalidaceae Lilac oxalis Weed ID Manual 243 | 168 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Bulbs or bulbous underground stems covered with brown, 3-ribbed scales. Leaflets 3, slightly hairy, broadly ovate, each about 1 inch across, with a notch at the tip of the midrib, on long leafstalks. Red or purplish, in one or several umbels on branches of different lengths which rise above the leaves. | 273 | page=273,block=0 | 0.700 | |
| What distinguishes an oblong shape in botanical terms? | Oblong : A 2-dimensional shape; rectangular with a length:breadth ratio between 3:2 and 2:1. | Mucro : A stiff or sharp, short projection of the midvein abruptly terminating an organ. Mucronate : Abruptly tipped with a mucro, accompanied or not by a small amount of leaf tissue. Muricate : With numerous short hard outgrowths. Muriculate : With numerous minute hard outgrowths; a diminutive of muricate. Narrowly : Having a length:breadth ratio between 3:1 and 6:1; if the ratio is more than 6:1 then the shape is described as very narrowly, except in the case of very narrowly oblong which is termed linear. Nut : Dry indehiscent 1-celled fruit with a hard pericarp. Obcordate : A 2-dimensional shape; broad and notched at the tip; heart shaped but attached at the pointed end. Oblanceolate : Lanceolate, with the more pointed end at the base. Oblong : A 2-dimensional shape; rectangular with a length:breadth ratio between 3:2 and 2:1. | 750 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Oblanceolate : Lanceolate, with the more pointed end at the base. Oblong : A 2-dimensional shape; rectangular with a length:breadth ratio between 3:2 and 2:1. | 27 | |||
| What does 'adaxial' refer to in the context of plant organs? | Aowards the axis, referring to the surface of an organ that is closest to the axis in bud. | Aculeate : Covered in prickles. Acuminate : Tapering gradually to a protracted point. Acute : Sharp or pointed. Adaxial : Aowards the axis, referring to the surface of an organ that is closest to the axis in bud. Annular : Arranged in or forming a ring. Apiculate : A short sharp point, not rigid, found at the tip. Ascending : Arched upwards in the lower part and becoming erect in the upper part. Attenuate : Tapering gradually. Auricle : An ear shaped appendage at the base of a leaf, leaflet or corolla lobe; or an ear-like outgrowth at the base of the sheath of some grasses and other monocots. Awn : A slender, bristle-like projection, e.g. from the back or tip of the glumes and lemmas in some grasses. Axil : The angle between one part of a plant and another part, e.g. a branch and a leaf. Beak : A prominent terminal projection, especially of a carpel or fruit. | 122 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Adaxial : Aowards the axis, referring to the surface of an organ that is closest to the axis in bud. Annular : Arranged in or forming a ring. | 23 | |||
| What does 'ascending' describe in plant growth patterns? | Arched upwards in the lower part and becoming erect in the upper part. | Aculeate : Covered in prickles. Acuminate : Tapering gradually to a protracted point. Acute : Sharp or pointed. Adaxial : Aowards the axis, referring to the surface of an organ that is closest to the axis in bud. Annular : Arranged in or forming a ring. Apiculate : A short sharp point, not rigid, found at the tip. Ascending : Arched upwards in the lower part and becoming erect in the upper part. Attenuate : Tapering gradually. Auricle : An ear shaped appendage at the base of a leaf, leaflet or corolla lobe; or an ear-like outgrowth at the base of the sheath of some grasses and other monocots. Awn : A slender, bristle-like projection, e.g. from the back or tip of the glumes and lemmas in some grasses. Axil : The angle between one part of a plant and another part, e.g. a branch and a leaf. Beak : A prominent terminal projection, especially of a carpel or fruit. | 328 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Ascending : Arched upwards in the lower part and becoming erect in the upper part. Attenuate : Tapering gradually. | 23 | page=23,block=2 | ||
| What does 'biennial' mean in the context of plant life cycles? | Completing the full cycle of germination to fruiting in more than one, but not more than two years, and then dying. | Berry : A fleshy or pulpy indehiscent fruit with the seed(s) embedded in the fleshy tissue of the pericarp. Biconvex : Convex on both sides. Biennial : Completing the full cycle of germination to fruiting in more than one, but not more than two years, and then dying. Blade : Lamina; part of the leaf above the sheath or petiole. Bract : A leaf-like structure, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, associated with an inflorescence or flower. Bracteole : A small bract-like structure borne singly or in a pair on the pedicel or calyx of a flower. Broadly : Having a length:breadth ratio between 6:5 and 1:1; if the ratio is less then the shape is described as very broadly. Caducous : Falling early before associated organs are mature. Caespitose : Growing densely in tufts; having short, closely packed stems. Calcareous : Composed of or containing lime or limestone. | 152 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/pdf/Weed%20Identification.pdf | Biennial : Completing the full cycle of germination to fruiting in more than one, but not more than two years, and then dying. Blade : Lamina; part of the leaf above the sheath or petiole. |
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| valid |
| page=27,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| page=23,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 23 |
| page=23,block=2 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |