198 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Prunus, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The source is a 27-page publication. Source-evidenced topics include prunus, rosaceae family, stone fruit, antioxidants, phytochemicals, carotenoids, phenolics, orac. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 72 factual, 47 list, 27 relationship, 20 summary, 19 definition, 13 comparison. 126 of the 198 pairs (63.6%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 72 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset contains 198 extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a publication on Prunus species, hosted by agritech.tnau.ac.in. The dataset explores topics such as antioxidants, carotenoids, phenolics, and their roles in health and food processing. Each row includes the question, answer, context, and source details, allowing verification against the original document. Questions span definitions, relationships, comparisons, and summaries, with 63.6% focusing on explanatory content.
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("agritech-tnau-ac-in-3f4a07b3ec5cc5eb4f11ed84e040700a")
df.head()First 10 of 198 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the origin of the term 'drupe'? | the latin word druppa which means overripe olive | The fruit of these species is botanically defined as a drupe (Brady, 1993). This name is derived from the latin word druppa which means overripe olive. Drupes mostly develop from flowers with superior ovaries having a single carpel. The fruits usually have a clear ventral suture, do not retain floral residues next to the pedicel, and are characterized by a membranous exocarp, with an outer fleshy mesocarp consisting mainly of parenchyma cells (Romani and Jennings, 1971). The mesocarp surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside and due to this, Prunus species are also referred to as “stone fruit”. Unlike almonds, in which the consumed portion is the seed within the pit, the edible part in most stone fruits includes the mesocarp, and eventually the exocarp. | 102 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | This name is derived from the latin word druppa which means overripe olive. | 1 | page=1,block=3 | 0.700 | valid |
| What sensation is associated with the interaction of polyphenols with praline-rich proteins in saliva? | a loss of lubrication, a feeling of extreme dryness in the palate | Plants produce thousands of phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites. They are synthesized via the shikimic acid pathway. This is the biosynthetic route to the aromatic amino acids and is restricted to microorganisms and plants (Robards et al., 2003). Phenolics greatly contribute to the sensory qualities (colour, flavour, taste) of fresh fruits and their products (Kim et al., 2003a&b). Astringency is generally recognised as a loss of lubrication, a feeling of extreme dryness in the palate believed to be associated with the interaction of polyphenols with praline rich proteins present in the saliva (Haslam et al., 2007). Phenolic compounds have been associated with ecological functions. Some benefits associated with phenolic compounds consumption have been related to their antioxidant properties (Tall et al., 2004). | 431 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Astringency is generally recognised as a loss of lubrication, a feeling of extreme dryness in the palate believed to be associated with the interaction of polyphenols with praline rich proteins present in the saliva (Haslam et al., 2007). | ||||
| What structural feature distinguishes ellagitannins from other tannins? | at least two galloyl units C–C coupled to each other, but lack glycosidically- linked catechin units | Ellagitannins (ETs) are a subgroup of tannins (Hemmer, 2008). Structurally they contain at least two galloyl units C–C coupled to each other, but lack glycosidically- linked catechin units (Khanbabaee and van Ree, 2001). With more than 500 natural products characterized so far, they are the largest group of tannins. They are found in pomegranates, black raspberries, raspberries, strawberries, walnuts and almonds. 13. Phytonutrients Nutraceutical compounds are defined as extracts of foods which exert a medicinal effect on human health through the prevention and progression of chronic diseases. Extracts from fruits and vegetables contain mixtures of phytochemicals and recent studies on nutraceutical properties have been conducted isolating chemical compounds, defining fractions and using mixtures to determine the specific bioactive compounds present. | 88 | definition | 1.000 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Structurally they contain at least two galloyl units C–C coupled to each other, but lack glycosidically- linked catechin units (Khanbabaee and van Ree, 2001). | ||||
| What are Black plum varieties? | among fruits with the highest antioxidant capacity, and are very rich in phenolic compounds, while apricots are high in carotenoids | Most Prunus fruits and seeds are commonly used for processing, including jam production, canning, drying or roasting and are regularly consumed year round. Black plum varieties are among fruits with the highest antioxidant capacity, and are very rich in phenolic compounds, while apricots are high in carotenoids. Cherries and almonds are also rich in phenolics and have an Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity (ORAC) similar to that found in strawberry or raspberry (which are commonly recognized due to their richness in antioxidants; cf. | 181 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Black plum varieties are among fruits with the highest antioxidant capacity, and are very rich in phenolic compounds, while apricots are high in carotenoids. | 3 | page=3,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are Carotenoids? | responsible for the distinctive yellow and orange colours of the pulp and peel of most Prunus species | They also provide protection against photo-oxidation. Carotenoids are responsible for the distinctive yellow and orange colours of the pulp and peel of most Prunus species. They are liposoluble terpenoids due to their relatively long (40 C) hydrocarbon structure (Sandmann, 2001). | 70 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Carotenoids are responsible for the distinctive yellow and orange colours of the pulp and peel of most Prunus species. | 4 | page=4,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are Ellagitannins (ETs)? | a subgroup of tannins (Hemmer, 2008) | Ellagitannins (ETs) are a subgroup of tannins (Hemmer, 2008). Structurally they contain at least two galloyl units C–C coupled to each other, but lack glycosidically- linked catechin units (Khanbabaee and van Ree, 2001). | 24 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Ellagitannins (ETs) are a subgroup of tannins (Hemmer, 2008). | 10 | page=10,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are Peaches? | an excellent example of fruits susceptible to enzymatic browning, and this is a major problem encountered during handling and processing (Brandelli and Lopes, 2005) | Although it seems clear that phenolic compound synthesis can proceed after harvest, the changes in phenolic compounds depend on the balance of de novo synthesis and degradation. Peaches are an excellent example of fruits susceptible to enzymatic browning, and this is a major problem encountered during handling and processing (Brandelli and Lopes, 2005). Improper storage conditions in many cases can lead to tissue browning due to phenolic compound degradation by the action of several enzymes such as polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases. | 190 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Peaches are an excellent example of fruits susceptible to enzymatic browning, and this is a major problem encountered during handling and processing (Brandelli and Lopes, 2005). | 13 | page=13,block=6 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are Phytonutrients Nutraceutical compounds? | defined as extracts of foods which exert a medicinal effect on human health through the prevention and progression of chronic diseases | 13.4 Phytonutrients Nutraceutical compounds are defined as extracts of foods which exert a medicinal effect on human health through the prevention and progression of chronic diseases. Extracts from fruits and vegetables contain mixtures of phytochemicals and recent studies on nutraceutical properties have been conducted isolating chemical compounds, defining fractions and using mixtures to determine the specific bioactive compounds present. | 48 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Phytonutrients Nutraceutical compounds are defined as extracts of foods which exert a medicinal effect on human health through the prevention and progression of chronic diseases. | 10 | page=10,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are conjugated double bonds? | not only responsible for the colour of carotenoids, but also are main determinants of their antioxidant properties | Besides being precursors of vitamin A, some benefits of carotenoids have been associated with their antioxidant properties (Bendich, 1993). The conjugated double bonds are not only responsible for the colour of carotenoids, but also are main determinants of their antioxidant properties. Carotenoids have been shown to react with singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals (Stahl and Sies, 1997). | 172 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | The conjugated double bonds are not only responsible for the colour of carotenoids, but also are main determinants of their antioxidant properties. | 5 | page=5,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Studying plant phytochemicals? | not an easy endeavour, especially for carotenoids and phenolics which include thousands of different compounds, commonly present at relatively low concentrations | Studying plant phytochemicals is not an easy endeavour, especially for carotenoids and phenolics which include thousands of different compounds, commonly present at relatively low concentrations. In the last 20 years, the improvement in analytical techniques (mostly based on HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry detection) has allowed rapid progress in the identification and quantification and overall study of fruit phytochemicals with special emphasis on those showing bioactivity. | 33 | definition | 0.980 | https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/pdf/tech_bulletin/Prunus.pdf | Studying plant phytochemicals is not an easy endeavour, especially for carotenoids and phenolics which include thousands of different compounds, commonly present at relatively low concentrations. | 2 | page=2,block=6 | 0.850 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 7 |
| page=7,block=4 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 10 |
| page=10,block=3 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |