| What assumption is the staffing pattern based on regarding LHVs? | based on the assumption that LHVs are in place to provide first level supervision | • Key cross cutting functions – facility operationalisation, training and quality assurance systems – should be under the purview of the District Programme Management Unit which could be strengthened accordingly. The above staffing pattern is based on the assumption that LHVs are in place to provide first level supervision. Further, the number of additional staff would need to be determined by each state on the basis of estimated workload and the extent of supervision required. | 243 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | The above staffing pattern is based on the assumption that LHVs are in place to provide first level supervision. | 55 | page=55,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the term 'score card' refer to in the context of monitoring and reviewing progress? | two distinct but related management tools: (1) HMIS based dashboard monitoring system and (2) Survey based child survival score card | A new initiative for monitoring and reviewing the progress is the introduction of the ‘score card’. The score card refers to two distinct but related management tools: (1) HMIS based dashboard monitoring system and (2) Survey based child survival score card. The dashboard seeks to improve accountability in the public health system and catalyse states into using the HMIS data for improved decision-making; a comparative assessment of state and district performance in terms of service delivery is proposed on a quarterly/year to quarter basis. | 125 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | The score card refers to two distinct but related management tools: (1) HMIS based dashboard monitoring system and (2) Survey based child survival score card. | 59 | page=59,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is identified as a growing concern for public health? | the rising occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) | In parti cular, tobacco, alcohol, cigarett e/bidis, gutka and other intoxicants are used by young people in both rural and urban areas. An emerging public health challenge is the rising occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). According to Non-communicable Diseases Country Profi les, WHO 2011, these are esti mated to account for 53% of all deaths in India. | 175 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | An emerging public health challenge is the rising occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). | 27 | page=27,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does 'Geographical access' mean in the context of the Bottleneck Analysis? | physical access to services that are equipped and adequately staffed | In order to understand the bottlenecks in improving coverage of the key RMNCH+A interventions at national level, and to identify strategic directions for further acceleration, a Bottleneck Analysis was conducted in December 2012, using the Tanahashi framework. Using this framework, systemic bottlenecks are identified at five levels, which are (1) Availability (of quality essential commodities: drugs, supplies and equipment); (2) Geographical access (physical access to services that are equipped and adequately staffed); (3) Utilization of services (initial contact and social acceptability of services); (4) Adequate coverage (continued utilization of services) and (5) Effective coverage (coverage with quality/compliance). | 454 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | Using this framework, systemic bottlenecks are identified at five levels, which are (1) Availability (of quality essential commodities: drugs, supplies and equipment); (2) Geographical access (physical access to services that are equipped and adequately staffed); (3) Utilization of services (initial contact and social acceptability of services); (4) Adequate coverage (continued utilization of services) and (5) Effective coverage (coverage with quality/compliance). |
| What does TFR signify in the context of reproductive health? | the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her reproductive life span | As described earlier, TFR is linked to maternal health and child survival. The TFR is defined as the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her reproductive life span. As TFR decreases, maternal mortality rate also declines. Low TFR impacts child survival by bringing optimum spacing between successive pregnancies. Currently India’s TFR is 2. (SRS 2010). Although India has not achieved the replacement level of fertility (i.e. 2.1), the rate of decline in TFR has accelerated since the implementation of the NRHM and this trend is expected to continue further. Currently, twenty-one states/union territories have already achieved the replacement level of fertility (i.e. 2.1) or less, while seven more states are on the verge of achieving replacement level fertility. | 97 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | The TFR is defined as the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her reproductive life span. | 19 | page=19,block=1 | 0.700 |
| What does the 'Utilization of services' level in the Bottleneck Analysis address? | initial contact and social acceptability of services | In order to understand the bottlenecks in improving coverage of the key RMNCH+A interventions at national level, and to identify strategic directions for further acceleration, a Bottleneck Analysis was conducted in December 2012, using the Tanahashi framework. Using this framework, systemic bottlenecks are identified at five levels, which are (1) Availability (of quality essential commodities: drugs, supplies and equipment); (2) Geographical access (physical access to services that are equipped and adequately staffed); (3) Utilization of services (initial contact and social acceptability of services); (4) Adequate coverage (continued utilization of services) and (5) Effective coverage (coverage with quality/compliance). | 554 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | Using this framework, systemic bottlenecks are identified at five levels, which are (1) Availability (of quality essential commodities: drugs, supplies and equipment); (2) Geographical access (physical access to services that are equipped and adequately staffed); (3) Utilization of services (initial contact and social acceptability of services); (4) Adequate coverage (continued utilization of services) and (5) Effective coverage (coverage with quality/compliance). |
| What feeding practices are encouraged for infants and young children in the family and community continuum of care? | Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF), including exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding | Continuum of care across life cycle and different levels of health system. Family & Community: pregnancy and child birth care • Counselling and preparation for newborn care,breast feeding, birth preparedness • Demand generation for pregnancy care and institutional delivery (JSY, JSSK); newborn and childcare • Home-based newborn care and prompt referral (HBNC scheme) • Antibiotic for suspected case of newborn sepsis • Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF), including exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding, • Child health screening and early intervention services (0–18 years) • Early childhood development • Danger sign recognition and care-seeking for illness • Use of ORS and Zinc in case of diarrhoea | 421 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | Family & Community,"• Weekly IFA supplementation • Information and counselling on sexual reproductive health and family planning • Community based promotion and delivery of contraceptives • Menstrual hygiene","• Counselling and preparation for newborn care,breast feeding, birth preparedness • Demand generation for pregnancy care and institutional delivery (JSY, JSSK)","• Home-based newborn care and prompt referral (HBNC scheme) • Antibiotic for suspected case of newborn sepsis • Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF), including exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding, • Child health |
| What is F-IMNCI in the context of hospital-based care for children? | the organisation of emergency care area to receive a sick child | The prevention and treatment of malaria as per the guidelines in the National Malaria Control Programme should be emphasised as part of the child health interventions. The child health programme managers should closely liaise with managers of communicable disease control programmes in endemic districts to track progress. Hospital-based care and management of children with severe diarrhoea and pneumonia is another important aspect of preventing deaths due to these two causes. This includes training of health service providers (doctors and nurses), especially those at FRUs and District Hospitals in F-IMNCI, which is the organisation of emergency care area to receive a sick child, ensuring availability of essential equipment and drugs, and application of management protocols. | 622 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | This includes training of health service providers (doctors and nurses), especially those at FRUs and District Hospitals in F-IMNCI, which is the organisation of emergency care area to receive a sick child, ensuring availability of essential equipment and drugs, and application of management protocols. |
| What is NRHM used as a standard for? | sustained and dedicated implementation of national programme | It is now important that we follow the strategic direction, make use of available resources and set NRHM as a benchmark for sustained and dedicated implementation of national programme. Opportunities like this - to make wide ranging interventions and to invest in quality of services in the field of RMNCH+A - come rarely to be handled through a mission approach. I hope that A Strategic Approach to Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) in India will take India closer to achieving its national health gaols and the Millennium Development Goals 4 & 5. Mr. P. K. Pradhan Secretary Health and Family Welfare Government of India | 124 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | It is now important that we follow the strategic direction, make use of available resources and set NRHM as a benchmark for sustained and dedicated implementation of national programme. | 6 | page=6,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the 'continuum of care' approach based on? | the sound premise that health of an individual across the life stages is interlinked. | Increasingly, across the globe, there is emphasis on establishing the ‘continuum of care’ , which includes integrated service delivery in various life stages including the adolescence, pre-pregnancy , childbirth and postnatal period, childhood and through reproductive age. services should be available at all levels: in homes and communities, through outpatient services and hospitals with ‘inpatient’ facilities. This approach is based on the sound premise that health of an individual across the life stages is interlinked. One of the key concerns for us is the number of maternal deaths, which we know can be reduced by bringing down the numbers of unintended pregnancies. This requires increased contraceptive use and in effect, the maternal health and family planning service packages to be linked in terms of service delivery. | 441 | definition | 1.000 | https://www.nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/RMNCH%2BA/RMNCH%2BA_Strategy.pdf | This approach is based on the sound premise that health of an individual across the life stages is interlinked. One of the key concerns for us is the number of maternal deaths, which we know can be reduced by bringing down the numbers of unintended pregnancies. |