98 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Microsoft Word - 166Omslag.doc, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 63 of the 98 pairs (64.3%) are explanatory questions and 35 restate a figure. 96.94% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("water-management-question-and-answer-dataset")
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Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 98 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What kind of climate does groundnut require to grow? | a tropical plant that needs hot and humid climate to grow | It is an oilseed crop with oil content of 40-50%. The groundnut is a tropical plant that needs hot and humid climate to grow. Preferably it is grown in sandy loam soil. | 67 | definition | 1.000 | The groundnut is a tropical plant that needs hot and humid climate to grow. | 18 | page=18,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What role do field bunds play in water management? | They keep the water on the field so it has time to infiltrate. | Bunds Field bunds (Figure 2) are often constructed as boundaries between different fields. They keep the water on the field so it has time to infiltrate. Often field bunds are combined with an outlet of stones in the down flow direction of the field. This makes it possible for the water to flow between the fields. Field bunds, like the one in Figure 2, were frequent in Arapedu village. | 91 | definition | 1.000 | Bunds Field bunds (Figure 2) are often constructed as boundaries between different fields. They keep the water on the field so it has time to infiltrate. Often field bunds are combined with an outlet of stones in the down flow direction of the field. | 15 | page=15,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the purpose of land leveling? | a method for reducing soil erosion | 2.3.6 Leveling Land leveling is a method for reducing soil erosion. A gentle gradient is created on the land surface which makes the runoff flow slower and hence reduces soil erosion (Seshagiri Rao, 2000). | 32 | definition | 0.980 | Leveling Land leveling is a method for reducing soil erosion. | 16 | page=16,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What type of plant is groundnut (peanut)? | an annual plant of the pea family of Fabaceae | 2.4.2. Groundnut (peanut) Groundnut is an annual plant of the pea family of Fabaceae. It is an oilseed crop with oil content of 40-50%. | 39 | definition | 0.980 | Groundnut (peanut) Groundnut is an annual plant of the pea family of Fabaceae. | 18 | page=18,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Tamil Nadu? | the second largest state after Kerala when it comes to coconut production | 2.4.6 Coconut India is the number one coconut producer in the world. Tamil Nadu is the second largest state after Kerala when it comes to coconut production. The two states are responsible for 90% of India´s coconut yield. | 83 | definition | 0.980 | Tamil Nadu is the second largest state after Kerala when it comes to coconut production. | 19 | page=19,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are two states? | responsible for 90% of India´s coconut yield | Tamil Nadu is the second largest state after Kerala when it comes to coconut production. The two states are responsible for 90% of India´s coconut yield. The coco tree is good in mixed cropping systems (Makrose, 2008). | 108 | definition | 0.980 | The two states are responsible for 90% of India´s coconut yield. | 19 | page=19,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| How is the intensity of rain calculated? | the monthly rainfall sum divided by number of rainy days for each month | The intensity of the rain could only be calculated as the monthly rainfall sum divided by number of rainy days for each month. This means that small low intense rainstorms and large high intense rainstorms got evened out in the calculation. There was no way of knowing how much it actually rained each day. The three first months of 2008 gave together 302 mm of precipitation. This is the rainiest first three months during the record period 1985-2008. This fact may affect how the farmers experienced their ability to grow crops in the early season. The large standard deviation for each month between different years, Table 9, makes it hard to predict the amount of rainfall. During the whole period analyzed it did not rain in March in a single year. However in March 2008 (not included in the analyses) 203 mm of rain fell in the area. 5. | 54 | definition | 0.980 | The intensity of the rain could only be calculated as the monthly rainfall sum divided by number of rainy days for each month. | 49 | page=49,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is a gully plug? | a bund constructed across a stream to conserve soil and water | the flow into canals instead of going into other neighboring fields (Seshagiri Rao, 2000). Gully plug (Figure 3) is a bund constructed across a stream to conserve soil and water. This will also decrease the velocity of the stream flow, prevent soil erosion, increase infiltration and improve the soil. They are often constructed in series (Seshagiri Rao, 2000). In gullies one can use stones or wood to build check dams, for collecting soil and store the moisture (Seshagiri Rao, 2000). | 116 | definition | 0.980 | Gully plug (Figure 3) is a bund constructed across a stream to conserve soil and water. | 16 | page=16,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| How does Hand in Hand work with local governments? | they work together with the local governments so they can learn from each other and avoid parallel work. | 2 BACKGROUND In this chapter some background information about the organization Hand in Hand, climate conditions, rainwater harvesting structures and crops are described. 2. Hand in Hand Hand in Hand (Hand in Hand) is a Non Governmental Organization (NGO) with its head quarters in Tamil Nadu, but they are also active in Pondicherry (India), South Africa and Afghanistan. Hand in Hand is a nonprofit NGO supported by Swedish investors. Even if they are non-governmental they work together with the local governments so they can learn from each other and avoid parallel work. | 471 | relationship | 0.970 | Even if they are non-governmental they work together with the local governments so they can learn from each other and avoid parallel work. | 13 | page=13,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What impact do high-intensity rainstorms have on soil? | soil erosion through ”splashing effects” and heavy runoff | High intensity rainstorms are more likely to cause soil erosion through ”splashing effects” and heavy runoff. | 51 | relationship | 0.970 | High intensity rainstorms are more likely to cause soil erosion through ”splashing effects” and heavy runoff. | 14 | page=14,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
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