203 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Uttar Pradesh State Exemplars Report 1 0, published by nhsrcindia.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 91 of the 203 pairs (44.8%) are explanatory questions and 112 restate a figure. 98.03% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 203 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What does Stage V represent in the context of maternal and neonatal mortality? | the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated | Populations move across Stage II, III and IV as access to health services increases, health service quality improves, inequality patterns change from top to bottom inequality, infectious diseases and peri-partum conditions decrease in importance as causes of death, and fertility declines. Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. During 2000-18, Uttar Pradesh has transitioned from Stage I to early phase of Stage III, achieving more than a three-fold reduction in maternal mortality and reducing the neonatal mortality by around 40% (Figure 5). | 301 | definition | 1.000 | Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. | 18 | page=18,block=36 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the goal of the Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study? | factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades | ix The Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study documents factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades. This international effort aims to understand positive outliers and inform policy and practice. India was selected as one of seven “Exemplar” countries and within India the analysis was extended to examine higher- and lower-mortality state clusters separately, and to closely look at six exemplary states: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. This report presents the Uttar Pradesh sub-study and provides background information on the broader India study and research methodology. Key findings for Uttar Pradesh are as follows: Uttar Pradesh made major progress in reducing maternal and newborn mortality between 2000 and 2018. | 64 | definition | 1.000 | ix The Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study documents factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades. | 9 | page=9,block=0 | 0.700 | |
| What does the Exemplars in maternal and newborn health study aim to investigate? | factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality | The Exemplars in maternal and newborn health (MNH) study aims to systematically and comprehensively research and document factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades in select countries that have experienced more rapid declines than countries with similar socio-economic progress. This study contributes to a Gates Ventures initiative on Exemplars in Global Health, which includes other subject areas such as child mortality, stunting, community health worker programs, and vaccine delivery. The study is an international effort to learn from success and understand positive outliers to inform policy and practice. India has made major progress in improving maternal and newborn health outcomes over the past two decades. | 122 | definition | 1.000 | The Exemplars in maternal and newborn health (MNH) study aims to systematically and comprehensively research and document factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades in select countries that have experienced more rapid declines than countries with similar socio-economic progress. | 11 | |||
| What tools do governments use to improve maternal and neonatal health? | the health policy and system levers | Conceptual framework for the Exemplars MNH study The Exemplars in MNH study was guided by a conceptual framework that was developed to identify the drivers of change, dividing the interrelated factors hierarchically in distal, intermediate, and proximate drivers of maternal and neonatal mortality decline (Figure 1). On the far left of the framework, the health policy and system levers are the tools used by governments to improve MNH specifically, as well as non-MNH issues that may have an enormous impact on MNH. Government actions include changes in policy, services, and financial resources with direct or indirect linkages to MNH. Direct changes include strategies to strengthen the health system, while indirect changes include efforts to enhance gender equity or infrastructure in underserved parts of the country that would affect the MNH outcomes. | 352 | definition | 1.000 | On the far left of the framework, the health policy and system levers are the tools used by governments to improve MNH specifically, as well as non-MNH issues that may have an enormous impact on MNH. | 12 | page=12,block=1 | 0.700 | |
| What did decentralization allow to happen in Uttar Pradesh? | planning at the root level | Decentralization enabled “planning at the root level” (Technical support organization #5). Uttar Pradesh increased District Magistrate involvement in health programming, including by involving them in health department meetings. Experts emphasized that UP had strong divisional project management units, which were already established when the district project management units were set up. District level management teams were able to tap into the strengths of these existing management teams. Uttar Pradesh benefited from increased availability of funding for government health services and from improved financial management systems to use this funding effectively. If you didn’t have enough funds and if you had systems, you still wouldn’t achieve the results. So, you needed the money, so the money was important. But having the funds without systems, again, wouldn’t have done the deal. | 26 | definition | 1.000 | Decentralization enabled “planning at the root level” (Technical support organization #5). | 36 | page=36,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What initiative served as a key platform for delivering services to rural communities? | Village Health and Nutrition Days | (Lead in a technical support organization #2) One expert noted that the ASHA’s positive impact was facilitated by Uttar Pradesh’s “excellent” supervisory structure for the ASHA program, consisting of block community process managers (BCPMs) and district community process managers (DCPMs), and the online ASHA payment and verification system that has been implemented (Lead in technical support organization #2). Village Health and Nutrition Days, led by the ANM and supported by the ASHA, were a foundational “outreach platform” (Technical organization #2) that brought services to the villages and encouraged greater uptake of ANC. While the implementation of VHNDs has been imperfect, the government pushed to update guidelines for this program starting in 2013 and has put a system for supportive supervision in place. | 413 | definition | 1.000 | (Lead in a technical support organization #2) One expert noted that the ASHA’s positive impact was facilitated by Uttar Pradesh’s “excellent” supervisory structure for the ASHA program, consisting of block community process managers (BCPMs) and district community process managers (DCPMs), and the online ASHA payment and verification system that has been implemented (Lead in technical support organization #2). Village Health and Nutrition Days, led by the ANM and supported by the ASHA, were a foundational “outreach platform” (Technical organization #2) that brought services to the villages and | ||||
| What was described as a crucial practice for collaborating with partners? | openness and communication with your partners | I think openness and communication with your partners, is a very very valuable tool. Absolutely essential practice. (Government health expert #5) [An] important input was identification of the stakeholders, identifying them, bringing them together, empowering them through knowledge, through resources, and through need for actually bringing all the stakeholders together for an objective change at the grassroots level so that the services could be availed and is accessible, and quality is improved. (Technical support organization #5) | 8 | definition | 1.000 | I think openness and communication with your partners, is a very very valuable tool. | 39 | page=39,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is selection? | based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators | The AARCs in maternal and neonatal mortality during 2000-2017 were used as the main statistics for selection. The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) also provides trend data on neonatal mortality. | 128 | definition | 0.980 | The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the Gini coefficient represent? | a common measure of income inequality where 0 is perfect equality and 1 is total inequality | Have electricity 2005-06 2019-21 Access to Improved sanitation (toilet) Proportion of households (%) Economic growth and inequality reduction Uttar Pradesh has experienced substantial economic growth in the past two decades. The per capita net state domestic product in Uttar Pradesh has risen rapidly, from INR 9,749 in 1999-2000 current prices15 (which is equivalent to INR 33,670 when inflation adjusted to 2019 valuesa) to 65,704 in 2019-2020 (in 2019 INR). However the state’s Gini coefficient for consumption, a common measure of income inequality where 0 is perfect equality and 1 is total inequality, increased from 0.27 in 1994 to 0.31 in 2012. The percentage of the population below the poverty line reduced from 41% in 2004-05 to 29% in 2011-12. | 516 | definition | 0.980 | However the state’s Gini coefficient for consumption, a common measure of income inequality where 0 is perfect equality and 1 is total inequality, increased from 0.27 in 1994 to 0.31 in 2012. | 29 | page=29,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| Why was according to MDS data, there an increase in neonatal mortality? | preterm births between 2000 and 2015 | However, according to MDS data, there was an increase in neonatal mortality due to preterm births between 2000 and 2015. | 83 | relationship | 0.970 | according to MDS data, there was an increase in neonatal mortality due to preterm births between 2000 and 2015. | 19 | page=19,block=1 | 0.800 | valid |
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| valid |
| page=11,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| 38 |
| page=38,block=10 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |