1486 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from 1. Abhay Bang, published by nhm.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 1151 of the 1486 pairs (77.5%) are explanatory questions and 335 restate a figure. 99.19% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 1,486 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the availability of X-rays in lower-level facilities? | not present in most lower-level facilities, and not every medicine is available in every hospital | For example, X-rays are not present in most lower-level facilities, and not every medicine is available in every hospital. Though patients can go to whatever hospital they choose and public transportation is cheap, most high-level facilities and services are available only in urban areas. | 24 | definition | 1.000 | X-rays are not present in most lower-level facilities, and not every medicine is available in every hospital. | 81 | page=81,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the current structure of Canada’s healthcare system? | based on private providers who receive payment from federal and provincial budgets | The Canadian Health Act of 1984 forbids practitioners from billing beyond provincially mandated fee schedules and aims to ensure a one-tiered service. Today Canada’s system is based on private providers who receive payment from federal and provincial budgets. Physicians are remunerated on a fee-for-service basis (with an imposed cap to prevent excessive utilization and costs) by the provincial health plan. | 176 | definition | 1.000 | Today Canada’s system is based on private providers who receive payment from federal and provincial budgets. | 90 | page=90,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What role do primary care physicians play in Canadian healthcare? | the forefront of Canadian health care and provide basic medical treatments and preventative care | Primary care physicians are the forefront of Canadian health care and provide basic medical treatments and preventative care. | 28 | definition | 1.000 | Primary care physicians are the forefront of Canadian health care and provide basic medical treatments and preventative care. | 90 | page=90,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What role does PHARMAC play in New Zealand's healthcare system? | a global pioneer in negotiating for low-cost prescription drugs, in part because it acts as a monopoly purchaser and has strong bargaining power | Recent cutbacks in public funding for the health care system have resulted in fairly long lines for elective procedures and have encouraged the emergence of a two-tier health care system.68 Potential Lessons ● ● New Zealanders report far shorter waiting times for appointments and far lower out-of-pocket costs than patients in the United States and Canada.69 ● ● PHARMAC is a government agency that determines which prescription drugs will receive full or partial government subsidy. PHARMAC is a global pioneer in negotiating for low-cost prescription drugs, in part because it acts as a monopoly purchaser and has strong bargaining power. In negotiations, the drug company is responsible for establishing the clinical- and cost- effectiveness of the drug.70 Challenges ● ● Under-funding has led to increasingly long waiting lines for a variety of elective procedures.71 | 496 | definition | 1.000 | PHARMAC is a global pioneer in negotiating for low-cost prescription drugs, in part because it acts as a monopoly purchaser and has strong bargaining power. | 94 | |||
| What are the estimates for the figures based on? | based on various assumptions and scenarios | Crores) Essential Drugs 20,000 4,000 ~ 5,000 4,000 ~ 5,000 Non-Essential Medicines 36,000 36,000 8,000 ~ 15,000 Govt Procured Drugs 6,000 6,000 6,000 Total Market 62,000 46,000 ~ 47,000 18,000 ~ 26,000 Source: Figures obtained from IMS and government budgetary documents for private market and government procurement data respectively. The estimates are based on various assumptions and scenarios. Selvaraj and Hasan (2011)26 Note: The figures above are indicative and should not be considered final. | 354 | definition | 1.000 | The estimates are based on various assumptions and scenarios. | 149 | page=149,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What role does India’s health system play in the country's employment and budget allocation? | among the country’s highest employers and absorbs almost two-thirds of the health budget for allocations in deployment, education, training, etc | States are presently struggling with the complexities of escalating human resource costs, additional demands on the available health work force, compounded by chronic HRH shortages, uneven distribution and skill-mix imbalances. India’s health system is among the country’s highest employers and absorbs almost two-thirds of the health budget for allocations in deployment, education, training, etc. Reform of HRH will therefore be the keystone of Universal Health Coverage reform in the country. | 253 | definition | 1.000 | India’s health system is among the country’s highest employers and absorbs almost two-thirds of the health budget for allocations in deployment, education, training, etc. | 155 | page=155,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are the population-based targets for SHCs, PHCs, and CHCs? | one SHC for a population of 5,000, one PHC for a population of 30,000, and one CHC for a population of 1,20,000 | The IPHS (2010) norms are for HRH as well as for equipment, drugs and service delivery. The physical infrastructure targets are one SHC for a population of 5,000, one PHC for a population of 30,000, and one CHC for a population of 1,20,000. This includes one SHC per 3,000 population, one PHC per 20,000 population and one CHC per 80,000 population for hilly / tribal and remote areas.9 | 128 | definition | 1.000 | The physical infrastructure targets are one SHC for a population of 5,000, one PHC for a population of 30,000, and one CHC for a population of 1,20,000. | 156 | page=156,block=11 | 0.850 | valid |
| What tool is used to estimate healthcare delivery needs based on access? | a simple yet practical tool to estimate health care delivery need based on access | High Level Expert Group Report on Universal Health Coverage for India g) Evaluate underserved and inaccessible districts and their existing functional health facilities and increase number and type of new health care institutions. The vulnerability index is a simple yet practical tool to estimate health care delivery need based on access. The index should take into account variables such as the percentage of tribal and hilly areas, seriousness of political extremism and related security issues, average travel time to health care facility by foot or other modes of transport, density of health workers given the population density and geography, frequency of natural disasters, and difficulty of the terrain. | 258 | definition | 1.000 | The vulnerability index is a simple yet practical tool to estimate health care delivery need based on access. | 210 | page=210,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the issue with the evaluation of information quality? | not adequately evaluated and there are seldom any audits of information systems | c) Poor Use of Data and Poor Monitoring and Evaluation (including Performance Monitoring) Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) has been an area of weak performance by the government as accountability has essentially been understood as a matter of enforcing bureaucratic controls.2,8 The government does collect health profiles of various states, but does not effectively use this information for decision-making. Information quality is not adequately evaluated and there are seldom any audits of information systems. There is poor adherence to data collection protocols which are then rarely reviewed. | 433 | definition | 1.000 | Information quality is not adequately evaluated and there are seldom any audits of information systems. | 249 | page=249,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the basis of the process designed by the AGCA for community-based monitoring? | based on the community entitlements and the standards of service delivery articulated in the NRHM | The AGCA took up the task of designing a community-based monitoring system, which would work village upwards. The entire process was based on the community entitlements and the standards of service delivery articulated in the NRHM. The mechanism that was developed included the monitoring of both aspects - community experiences of service received, as well as assessment of the delivery of services. | 133 | definition | 1.000 | The entire process was based on the community entitlements and the standards of service delivery articulated in the NRHM. | 289 | page=289,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
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| page=94,block=1 |
| 0.850 |
| valid |