218 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Rajasthan Exemplars State Report, published by nhsrcindia.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 89 of the 218 pairs (40.8%) are explanatory questions and 129 restate a figure. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 218 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What criteria were used for the selection process? | based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators | The AARCs in maternal and neonatal mortality during 2000-17 were used as the main statistics for selection. The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) also provides trend data on neonatal mortality. | 126 | definition | 1.000 | The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does Stage V represent in terms of maternal and neonatal mortality? | the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated | Populations move across Stages II, III and IV as access to health services increases, quality improves, inequality patterns change from top to bottom inequality, infectious diseases and peri-partum conditions decrease in importance as causes of death, and fertility decline. Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. During 2000-18, Rajasthan has transitioned from Stage I to Stage III, achieving a nearly four-fold reduction in maternal mortality and reducing the neonatal mortality by half (Figure 5). | 286 | definition | 1.000 | Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. | 18 | page=18,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What was NRHM described as in terms of its level of intervention? | a different level of intervention | While Rajasthan has had successive health programs and policies for decades, “NRHM definitely was a different level of intervention” (academic #5) because it brought decentralized planning, a “catalytic approach to funding programmes” (Government health expert #4), openness to innovations, the PIP process, and much more rapid release of funds. NRHM definitely was a different level of intervention. This is first time in the country, a very sincere effort was initiated for decentralised planning. | 98 | definition | 1.000 | NRHM definitely was a different level of intervention. | 37 | page=37,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| How was the state government’s approach to partnerships described? | active and equal engagement, rather than passivity. | The state government’s approach to these partnerships was characterized by active and equal engagement, rather than passivity. - The national government, along with Rajasthan’s medical colleges, hospitals and academic institutions all provided valuable support through creating standards and guidelines and providing in-service training for health workers. | 75 | definition | 1.000 | The state government’s approach to these partnerships was characterized by active and equal engagement, rather than passivity. - The national government, along with Rajasthan’s medical colleges, hospitals and academic institutions all provided valuable support through creating standards and guidelines and providing in-service training for health workers. | 10 | page=10,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What was the purpose of the conceptual framework for the Exemplars MNH study? | the drivers of change, dividing the interrelated factors hierarchically in distal, intermediate, and proximate drivers of maternal and neonatal mortality decline | Conceptual framework for the Exemplars MNH study The Exemplars in MNH study was guided by a conceptual framework that was developed to identify the drivers of change, dividing the interrelated factors hierarchically in distal, intermediate, and proximate drivers of maternal and neonatal mortality decline (Figure 1). On the far left of the framework, the health policy and system levers are the tools used by governments to improve MNH specifically and non-MNH issues that may have an enormous impact on MNH. Government actions include changes in policy, services, and financial resources with direct or indirect linkages to MNH. Direct changes include strategies to strengthen the health system, while indirect changes include efforts to enhance gender equity or infrastructure in underserved parts of the country that would affect MNH outcomes. | 144 | definition | 1.000 | Conceptual framework for the Exemplars MNH study The Exemplars in MNH study was guided by a conceptual framework that was developed to identify the drivers of change, dividing the interrelated factors hierarchically in distal, intermediate, and proximate drivers of maternal and neonatal mortality decline (Figure 1). | ||||
| What is the most reliable measure for identifying states with the fastest reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality since 2000? | the sum of a state’s NMR and MMR average annual rates of change (AARCs) | At the time of state selection, we used available data and computed average annual pace of the decline in both maternal and neonatal mortality during 2000-17 and selected the six best performing states, to reflect the two main outcomes of the study. We also considered population size, and different dimensions of equity (available for the neonatal mortality outcome). the results provide variable conclusions on the six states with most progress, and there is more uncertainty because of larger sampling errors for disaggregated data. considering the key objective of selecting states that have achieved fastest declines in MMR and NMR since 2000, the strongest indicator is the sum of a state’s NMR and MMR average annual rates of change (AARCs). | 676 | definition | 1.000 | considering the key objective of selecting states that have achieved fastest declines in MMR and NMR since 2000, the strongest indicator is the sum of a state’s NMR and MMR average annual rates of change (AARCs). | 14 | page=14,block=103 | 0.700 | |
| What system in Rajasthan collates data from pregnancy to childbirth into the state’s HMIS? | Rajasthan’s Pregnancy, Child Tracking System (PCTS) | The 20-page JSY case sheets were monitored by district and state level staff to assess the performance of key practices. As mentioned above, the use of digital technology has strengthened accountability and progress review in the state. Rajasthan’s Pregnancy, Child Tracking System (PCTS) was identified as an important data system. The PCTS is an online software to maintain data from government health institutions, which collates many data fields from pregnancy to childbirth into the state’s HMIS. Prasav Watch is being scaled up to 360 high load facilities to track performance against key performance indicators for labour and delivery and to track outcomes (stillbirth, neonatal mortality, birth asphyxia and infection). Maternal death review has been scaled up in Rajasthan, from initially covering fewer than 10% of all maternal deaths to now capturing 80%. | 237 | definition | 1.000 | As mentioned above, the use of digital technology has strengthened accountability and progress review in the state. Rajasthan’s Pregnancy, Child Tracking System (PCTS) was identified as an important data system. | 38 | page=38,block=11 | ||
| What was a key aspect of the mentoring concept mentioned by an academic and health expert? | the internal officials, they were trained, and they mentored their own institutions and institutions other than their own | (Academic and health expert #1) Yes, mentoring, as many of the colleagues have said, mentoring, both external and internal mentoring. So, the mentoring concept is that, you know, the internal officials, they were trained, and they mentored their own institutions and institutions other than their own. So, they had that ownership. So that is one major area. (Development partner #1) Rajasthan has struggled to staff facilities, but took an attitude of making the best use of the staff available: “So whatever limited staff we have, how we can make them efficient and continue with them?” (Academic and health expert #1). | 179 | definition | 1.000 | So, the mentoring concept is that, you know, the internal officials, they were trained, and they mentored their own institutions and institutions other than their own. | 34 | page=34,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is Rajasthan? | the only state with a PCPNDT Bureau of Investigation, which has shut down illegal (private) abortion providers in the state | The private sector is thought to have continued serving the same, more affluent, segment of the population, and it has quadrupled their use of c-sections over time. Rajasthan is the only state with a PCPNDT Bureau of Investigation, which has shut down illegal (private) abortion providers in the state. Experts suggested that this reduced unsafe abortion and saved maternal lives. | 178 | definition | 0.980 | Rajasthan is the only state with a PCPNDT Bureau of Investigation, which has shut down illegal (private) abortion providers in the state. | 35 | page=35,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the Gini coefficient measure? | a common measure of income inequality where 0 is perfect equality and 1 is total inequality | the state’s Gini coefficient for consumption, a common measure of income inequality where 0 is perfect equality and 1 is total inequality, has increased slightly from 0.25 in 1994 to 0.26 in 2012. The percentage of the population below the poverty line has also reduced from 34% in 2004-05 to 15% in 2011-12. From 2000 to 2019, the level of urbanization in the state has remained almost constant (25.2% in 1998-99 to 24.6% in 2019-21). | 46 | definition | 0.980 | the state’s Gini coefficient for consumption, a common measure of income inequality where 0 is perfect equality and 1 is total inequality, has increased slightly from 0.25 in 1994 to 0.26 in 2012. | 29 | page=29,block=18 | 0.700 | valid |
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| 12 |
| page=12,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |