221 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Odisha Exemplars State Report, published by nhsrcindia.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 97 of the 221 pairs (43.9%) are explanatory questions and 124 restate a figure. 97.74% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("odisha-exemplars-state-report-question-and-answer-dataset")
df.head()Sign in with Google to download.
Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 221 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What does Stage V represent in terms of maternal and neonatal mortality? | the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated | Populations move across Stages II, III and IV as access to health services increases, quality improves, inequality patterns change from top to bottom inequality, infectious diseases and peri-partum conditions decrease in importance as causes of death, and fertility declines. Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. During 2000-18, Odisha has transitioned from Stage I to Stage III, achieving a three-fold reduction in maternal mortality and reducing the peri-neonatal mortality by half (Figure 5). | 287 | definition | 1.000 | Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. | 18 | page=18,block=30 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the meaning of the abbreviation AYUSH? | Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathic | v AARC Average annual rate of change ANC Antenatal care ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist AYUSH Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathic BEmOC Basic emergency obstetric care BMI Body mass index BSY Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana CEmOC Comprehensive emergency obstetric care CHC Community health center CM Chief Minister CSSM Child Survival and Safe Motherhood DLHS District Level Household Survey DM District Manager EAG Empowered Action Group EmOC Emergency Obstetric Care FOGSI Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India FRU First referral unit GBDS Global Burden of Disease Study G6PD Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase HBNC Home-based Newborn Care HMS Higher mortality states IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University IHAT India Health Action Trust IIPS International Institute for Population Sciences INR Indian Rupee JSSK Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram JSY Janani Suraksha Yojana KII Key Informant Interview KMC Kangaroo mother care LSAS Life-saving Anaesthetic Skill LMS Lower mortality states LHV Lady Health Visitor MBBS Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery MCEE Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation MCTS Mother and Child Tracking System MD Mission Director ABBREVIATIONS ACRONYMS | 129 | definition | 1.000 | |||||
| What is the goal of the Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study? | factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades | ix The Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study documents factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades. This international effort aims to understand positive outliers and inform policy and practice. India was selected as one of seven “Exemplar” countries and within India the analysis was extended to examine high- and low-mortality state clusters separately, and to closely look at six exemplary states: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. This report presents the Odisha sub-study and provides background information on the broader India study and research methodology. | 64 | definition | 1.000 | ix The Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study documents factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades. | 9 | page=9,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What was the purpose of the conceptual framework developed for the Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study? | the drivers of change, dividing the interrelated factors hierarchically in distal, intermediate, and proximate drivers of maternal and neonatal mortality decline | Conceptual framework for the Exemplars MNH study The Exemplars in MNH study was guided by a conceptual framework that was developed to identify the drivers of change, dividing the interrelated factors hierarchically in distal, intermediate, and proximate drivers of maternal and neonatal mortality decline (Figure 1). On the far left of the framework, the health policy and system levers are the tools used by governments to improve MNH specifically and non-MNH issues that may have an enormous impact on MNH. Government actions include changes in policy, services, and financial resources with direct or indirect linkages to MNH. Direct changes include strategies to strengthen the health system, while indirect changes include efforts to enhance gender equity or infrastructure in underserved parts of the country that would affect MNH outcomes. | 144 | definition | 1.000 | Conceptual framework for the Exemplars MNH study The Exemplars in MNH study was guided by a conceptual framework that was developed to identify the drivers of change, dividing the interrelated factors hierarchically in distal, intermediate, and proximate drivers of maternal and neonatal mortality decline (Figure 1). | ||||
| What is the most reliable metric for identifying states with the fastest reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality rates? | the sum of a state’s NMR and MMR average annual rates of change (AARCs) | At the time of state selection, we used available data and computed average annual pace of the decline in both maternal and neonatal mortality during 2000-17 to select the six best performing states, to reflect the two main outcomes of the study. We also considered population size, and different dimensions of equity (available for the neonatal mortality outcome). the results provide variable conclusions on the six states with most progress, and there is more uncertainty because of larger sampling errors for disaggregated data. considering the key objective of selecting states that have achieved fastest declines in MMR and NMR since 2000, the strongest indicator is the sum of a state’s NMR and MMR average annual rates of change (AARCs). | 673 | definition | 1.000 | considering the key objective of selecting states that have achieved fastest declines in MMR and NMR since 2000, the strongest indicator is the sum of a state’s NMR and MMR average annual rates of change (AARCs). | 14 | page=14,block=103 | 0.700 | |
| What purpose do the average annual rates of change for maternal and neonatal mortality serve? | measures of common unit and scale | Conducting in-depth analysis in diverse states also provides scope for analyzing the drivers of success within different health systems, socio-economic and demographic contexts over time. The AARCs for maternal and for neonatal mortality are measures of common unit and scale. we added the two rates to obtain an overall score for ranking the states within the cluster. The sum of the maternal mortality and neonatal mortality AARCs is shown in Table 1 below. Based on the sum of the two AARCs, the top-ranking four states overall among the high mortality state cluster are Rajasthan (-10.1%), Odisha (-9.9%), Uttar Pradesh (-9.3%) and Madhya Pradesh (-8.5%), followed by Bihar and Assam. In the lower mortality state cluster, the top states overall are Maharashtra (-13.2%) and Tamil Nadu (13.0%), with Kerala and Andhra Pradesh slightly below (both around -11%). | 242 | definition | 1.000 | The AARCs for maternal and for neonatal mortality are measures of common unit and scale. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What criteria were used for selection? | based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators | The AARCs in maternal and neonatal mortality during 2000-17 were used as the main statistics for selection. The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) also provides trend data on neonatal mortality. | 126 | definition | 0.980 | The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Odisha? | the site of the Indian Council of Medical Research’s study into whether AYUSH doctors could take on maternity care | The state has developed skill labs, which consist of stations for health workers to gain and practice clinical skills through working with mannequins, simulation exercises, demonstration videos and presentations. Odisha was the site of the Indian Council of Medical Research’s study into whether AYUSH doctors could take on maternity care. This research concluded that with 30 days of pre-training, AYUSH doctors could then handle the 21-day SBA training and gain the capacity to conduct deliveries and give injections. | 224 | definition | 0.980 | Odisha was the site of the Indian Council of Medical Research’s study into whether AYUSH doctors could take on maternity care. | 33 | page=33,block=17 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Patient satisfaction? | measured in terms of receiving appropriate services, respectful behavior from health workers, and zero out of pocket payment | The state has introduced a system of rewards for providers and facilities with high patient satisfaction scores, which is a departure from the previous approach which focused on punishment. Patient satisfaction is measured in terms of receiving appropriate services, respectful behavior from health workers, and zero out of pocket payment. Respondents reported that the Chief Minister’s office took an interest in this initiative and required the patient satisfaction scores to be reported to them. | 214 | definition | 0.980 | Patient satisfaction is measured in terms of receiving appropriate services, respectful behavior from health workers, and zero out of pocket payment. | 39 | page=39,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| Why was Odisha able to achieve significant increases in institutional delivery? | the rural and the poorest women were reached, and disparities were reduced substantially (Figure 10) | Odisha’s major increases in institutional delivery was possible because the rural and the poorest women were reached, and disparities were reduced substantially (Figure 10). | 72 | relationship | 0.970 | Odisha’s major increases in institutional delivery was possible because the rural and the poorest women were reached, and disparities were reduced substantially (Figure 10). | 23 | page=23,block=1 | 0.800 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| v AARC Average annual rate of change ANC Antenatal care ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist AYUSH Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathic BEmOC Basic emergency obstetric care BMI Body mass index BSY Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana CEmOC Comprehensive emergency obstetric care CHC Community health center CM Chief Minister CSSM Child Survival and Safe Motherhood DLHS District Level Household Survey DM District Manager EAG Empowered Action Group EmOC Emergency Obstetric Care FOGSI Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India FRU First referral unit GBDS |
| 5 |
| page=5,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 12 |
| page=12,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |