79 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from the source document, published by iipsindia.ac.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 57 of the 79 pairs (72.2%) are explanatory questions and 22 restate a figure. 98.73% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
Use the API URL with your free DD token in notebooks, scripts, and pipelines.
https://www.desidata.in/api/datasets/menstrual-health-challenges-in-urban-slums-question-and-answer-dataset/downloadDataset downloads are free. For Python or API downloads, sign in once and create a free DD token; set it as DD_TOKEN or save it in your notebook's secrets. Requests are linked to your account so your download history and counts stay accurate.
# One-time install: pip install desidata
# Set DD_TOKEN in your environment first (create a free token in Profile & settings).
import desidata
df = desidata.load("menstrual-health-challenges-in-urban-slums-question-and-answer-dataset")
df.head()Sign in with Google to download.
Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
Talk by Ms Sheetal Verma - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 5 rows
70th Foundation Day Celebration of the International Institute for Population Sciences - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 15 rows
Comprehensive Nutrition Survey in Gujarat 2014 - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 166 rows
Changes in Hospitalization and Health Inequality - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 211 rows
Annual Report 2015-16 by agriwelfare.gov.in - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 1,013 rows
Higher Education in India - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 1,594 rows
Gender Policy of NABARD - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 14 rows
ICAR Annual Report 2025-26 - Question and Answer Dataset
Economy · 1,101 rows
First 10 of 79 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Why are sanitary napkins sometimes unavailable for families? | we do not receive them on a regular basis. … So, if any girl is in need, she asks the NGO workers for sanitary pads (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39) | The cost of the sanitary napkins is too expensive for families. Sometimes even that is not available because we do not receive them on a regular basis. … So, if any girl is in need, she asks the NGO workers for sanitary pads (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39). | 109 | relationship | 0.970 | Sometimes even that is not available because we do not receive them on a regular basis. … So, if any girl is in need, she asks the NGO workers for sanitary pads (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39). | 6 | page=6,block=0 | 0.800 | valid |
| Why do many girls prefer using cloth instead of sanitary pads? | it’s free of cost (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39) | Many girls will say, ‘Why pay this much? It is better to wear only cloth.’ Because a cloth would save them a lot of money. So out of compulsion, many would prefer to use cloth because it’s free of cost (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39). They also use those cheap pads which they get on the footpaths. | 184 | relationship | 0.970 | So out of compulsion, many would prefer to use cloth because it’s free of cost (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39). | 7 | page=7,block=0 | 0.800 | valid |
| What are the consequences of inadequate WASH services in schools for girls? | forcing girls to miss classes or even drop out | Schools often lack adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services crucial to manage menstruation, forcing girls to miss classes or even drop out (Mucherah and Thomas 2017; Tamiru et al. 2015). Although the health sector bears a considerable responsibility for alleviating these challenges, its contribution to promoting menstrual health manage ment (MHM) in many LMICs, including India, has thus far remained limited. | 107 | relationship | 0.970 | Schools often lack adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services crucial to manage menstruation, forcing girls to miss classes or even drop out (Mucherah and Thomas 2017; Tamiru et al. | 2 | page=2,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What effect did counselling from healthcare providers have on girls' understanding and practices regarding menstruation in one study? | girls who received counselling from a health care provider were significantly more likely to have correct knowledge about menstruation and to use hygienic menstrual products | As in other settings, research from India on menstruation-related interactions between providers and girls primarily reflects girls’ perspectives and underscores their reluctance to seek care from health pro viders, including frontline workers (McCammon et al. 2020). In one study, only one in ten adolescent girls considered frontline health workers and teachers reliable sources of information for their menstrual health queries (Garg et al. 2022). another study noted that girls who received counselling from a health care provider were significantly more likely to have correct knowledge about menstruation and to use hygienic menstrual products (Prasad, Dwivedi, and Shetye 2024). | 476 | relationship | 0.970 | another study noted that girls who received counselling from a health care provider were significantly more likely to have correct knowledge about menstruation and to use hygienic menstrual products (Prasad, Dwivedi, and Shetye 2024). | 3 | page=3,block=4 | ||
| Why do people hesitate to use the garbage bin located near the bathroom? | people feel ashamed to carry their used menstrual products to that bin | Yes, it (clogging) happens… When there’s heavy rain, it overflows. Trash gets stuck and doesn’t flow away. Government workers don’t come to clean the drain. They are seen maybe once every two months (Female Anganwadi worker, age 37). Next to the bathroom there is a new garbage bin… but mostly people feel ashamed to carry their used menstrual products to that bin. They dump them near their homes. So, during the rainy season, the situation becomes very bad (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39). | 294 | relationship | 0.970 | Next to the bathroom there is a new garbage bin… but mostly people feel ashamed to carry their used menstrual products to that bin. | 7 | page=7,block=11 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the impact during the rainy season when menstrual products are discarded near homes? | the situation becomes very bad | Yes, it (clogging) happens… When there’s heavy rain, it overflows. Trash gets stuck and doesn’t flow away. Government workers don’t come to clean the drain. They are seen maybe once every two months (Female Anganwadi worker, age 37). Next to the bathroom there is a new garbage bin… but mostly people feel ashamed to carry their used menstrual products to that bin. They dump them near their homes. So, during the rainy season, the situation becomes very bad (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39). | 428 | relationship | 0.970 | So, during the rainy season, the situation becomes very bad (Female Anganwadi worker, age 39). | 7 | page=7,block=11 | 0.700 | valid |
| What reasons make parents reluctant to seek medical care for their daughters in slums? | limited access to advanced diagnostics, referral services, and specialised care in slums, including a shortage of female doctors | Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 Limited access to required health care Doctors and pharmacists noted limited access to advanced diagnostics, referral services, and specialised care in slums, including a shortage of female doctors, which often made parents reluctant to seek care for their daughters. There is no specialised doctor or gynaecologist in this area. Two or four lady BAMS (traditional medicine – ayurveda) doctors exist (Male pharmacist, age 48). When it comes to male doctors, parents think, ‘Oh, she will go to a male doctor, what will she even tell him!’ So, there is a bit of hesitation for that (Female NGO health worker, age 42). Challenges in accessing information on menstrual health Healthcare providers described widespread misperceptions, stigma, and adherence to restrictive cultural norms around menstruation. | 99 | relationship | 0.970 | Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 Limited access to required health care Doctors and pharmacists noted limited access to advanced diagnostics, referral services, and specialised care in slums, including a shortage of female doctors, which often made parents reluctant to seek care for their daughters. | ||||
| What factors contribute to reinforcing poor practices and discouraging help-seeking for menstrual issues? | Limited awareness and inadequate health education | Limited awareness and inadequate health education were seen as reinforc ing poor practices and preventing help-seeking for menstrual problems. Limited awareness and adherence to traditional norms Providers observed that despite increasing awareness about the mechanics of menstruation, girls remained unaware about its significance, and many obtained information from unreliable sources, for example: There is a lack of proper education and awareness on menstruation, leading to misconception and stigma associated with religious practices and old backward thoughts… Yes, girls do know about menstruation. But the information which they carry along with them at an early age is not accurate. Many girls get to know about menstruation from informal sources, like peers or media, by use of phones these days, which is quite limited information and can lead to misunderstanding. | 0 | relationship | 0.970 | Limited awareness and inadequate health education were seen as reinforc ing poor practices and preventing help-seeking for menstrual problems. | 8 | page=8,block=0 | 0.700 | |
| Why do some girls not seek menstrual care despite efforts from providers? | Some girls feel shy, they don’t come, no matter how much effort you make | It is a part of their caste practices (Female NGO health worker, age 42). Embarrassment among girls and women to seek menstrual care Providers believed that menstruation was accompanied by a sense of embarrassment among girls, thwarting providers’ efforts to reach out to them. They suggested that girls tended to remain silent during discussions about these issues and some remarked that girls were even too shy to open up to their parents, particularly around the time of menarche: Some girls feel shy, they don’t come, no matter how much effort you make. It’s not that there are restrictions from their family, but some girls can’t speak up (Female Anganwadi worker, age 57). | 484 | relationship | 0.970 | They suggested that girls tended to remain silent during discussions about these issues and some remarked that girls were even too shy to open up to their parents, particularly around the time of menarche: Some girls feel shy, they don’t come, no matter how much effort you make. | 8 | page=8,block=11 | 0.700 | valid |
| What did the barriers articulated by providers in Mumbai’s slums do in relation to findings from other studies? | corroborate and supplement the findings of other studies | We explored the perspec tives and narratives of a range of providers themselves – physicians, pharmacists and frontline health care workers with regard to the barriers that confront their ability to deliver menstrual health services to girls and young women. Barriers to delivering effective menstrual health services to girls and young women articulated by providers in Mumbai’s slums corroborate and supplement the findings of other studies undertaken from the perspective of girls (see, for example, Balla and Nallapu 2018; Chandra-Mouli and Patel 2020; Dambhare, Wagh, and Dudhe 2012; Garg and Anand 2015; Hennegan and Montgomery 2016; Mudey et al. 2010). | 386 | relationship | 0.970 | Barriers to delivering effective menstrual health services to girls and young women articulated by providers in Mumbai’s slums corroborate and supplement the findings of other studies undertaken from the perspective of girls (see, for example, Balla and Nallapu 2018; Chandra-Mouli and Patel 2020; Dambhare, Wagh, and Dudhe 2012; Garg and Anand 2015; Hennegan and Montgomery 2016; Mudey et al. | 10 | page=10,block=0 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 8 |
| page=8,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |