36 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Malaria | Our World in Data, published by ourworldindata.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 26 of the 36 pairs (72.2%) are explanatory questions and 10 restate a figure. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("malaria-question-and-answer-dataset")
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Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 36 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is measured by the age-standardized death rate from malaria? | the death rate per 100,000 people in the population | These figures are those published by the IHME’s Global Burden of Disease study — the WHO does not publish country-level data on malaria deaths by age. Note that you can view these trends for any country in the chart. It shows that the most vulnerable age group to malaria deaths are children under five years old. The visualization shows theage-standardizeddeath rate from malaria, measured as the death rate per 100,000 people in the population. The map shows the number of new cases of malaria per 100,000 people across the world. As the chart shows, malaria cases are most common in the central part of Africa north and south of the equator. Humanity’s fight against malaria has a history of many thousand years. For most of that time, humanity was exposed to the disease without any defense. | 394 | definition | 1.000 | The visualization shows theage-standardizeddeath rate from malaria, measured as the death rate per 100,000 people in the population. | p[15] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What is the mixture created by dissolving quinine powder in water called? | a mixture that became known as “tonic water” | Quinine powder was either drunk with wine or dissolved in water, a mixture that became known as “tonic water”. But quinine is so bitter that tonic water, with concentrations high enough to be effective against malaria, was unpleasant to drink. The British colonial officers stationed in malarious India therefore started to add sugar, lime, and gin to it, and thereby created a drink that is still popular today: gin and tonic. Malaria left its mark on our history, our bodies, our drinks, and for thousands of years, caused the deaths of people all around the world. But in the last few generations, humanity gained ground in this long-lasting battle against the disease. The map shows in which regions of the world malaria is prevalent today (in purple) and where it was prevalent in the past. Just a few generations ago malaria was common in many more places around the world than it is today. | 65 | definition | 1.000 | Quinine powder was either drunk with wine or dissolved in water, a mixture that became known as “tonic water”. | p[29] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What is Malaria? | a disease that is spread between people via infected mosquitoes | Malaria is a disease that is spread between people via infected mosquitoes. The bite of an infectedAnophelesmosquito transmits aPlasmodiumparasite that enters the victim’s blood and travels into the person’s liver, where it reproduces. | 11 | definition | 0.980 | Malaria is a disease that is spread between people via infected mosquitoes. | p[0] | 0.850 | valid | |
| What is Africa? | the world region that is most affected by malaria | The number of deaths increased in 2020 as a result of disruptions during theCOVID-19 pandemic.1 Africa is the world region that is most affected by malaria. In recent years, the vast majority of deaths from malaria occurred on the African continent. | 106 | definition | 0.980 | Africa is the world region that is most affected by malaria. | p[0] | 0.850 | valid | |
| What is sickle cell disorder? | a genetic condition that deforms red blood cells to be sickle-shaped | The history of humanity is so closely entangled with the history of malaria that the disease left its mark on our bodies. Sickle cell disorder is one of these marks. It is a genetic condition that deforms red blood cells to be sickle-shaped. Carriers suffer from attacks of pain from a young age and their lives are cut short by the condition. Tens of thousands of people globally die from the disease each year. Why would such a genetic mutation not die out? The reason for the continued existence is that sickle cell disorder hinders the malaria parasite from reproducing, which means people who are carriers of the mutation — with one out of two mutations for it — have a protective advantage in environments where malaria exists. The prevalence of sickle cell disorder today is a testament to the high-malaria environments in our species’ history. | 172 | definition | 0.980 | It is a genetic condition that deforms red blood cells to be sickle-shaped. | p[15] | 0.700 | valid | |
| Why has the genetic mutation for sickle cell disorder not disappeared? | sickle cell disorder hinders the malaria parasite from reproducing | The history of humanity is so closely entangled with the history of malaria that the disease left its mark on our bodies. Sickle cell disorder is one of these marks. It is a genetic condition that deforms red blood cells to be sickle-shaped. Carriers suffer from attacks of pain from a young age and their lives are cut short by the condition. Tens of thousands of people globally die from the disease each year. Why would such a genetic mutation not die out? The reason for the continued existence is that sickle cell disorder hinders the malaria parasite from reproducing, which means people who are carriers of the mutation — with one out of two mutations for it — have a protective advantage in environments where malaria exists. The prevalence of sickle cell disorder today is a testament to the high-malaria environments in our species’ history. | 507 | relationship | 0.970 | Why would such a genetic mutation not die out? The reason for the continued existence is that sickle cell disorder hinders the malaria parasite from reproducing, which means people who are carriers of the mutation — with one out of two mutations for it — have a protective advantage in environments where malaria exists. | ||||
| What role did malaria play in the downfall of Rome? | Malaria is thought to have been a secret ally that helped the Germanic and other tribes bring about the downfall of Rome | Malaria did not only leave its mark on our bodies, but in many ways also on our history. Malaria is thought to have been a secret ally that helped the Germanic and other tribes bring about the downfall of Rome. By examining the teeth and bones of the Romans, archaeologists have brought together more and more evidence that the mosquito-borne fever once thrived in the warm, marshy river valleys of the Tiber and the Po in the Roman empire. The disease enfeebled the mightiest army of the ancient world directly through epidemics and indirectly by reducing the productivity in the agricultural sector and hastened the fall of Rome. This disease that was powerful enough to afflict the mightiest armies also left its mark on the fate of societies and the lives of many other regions of the world. | 89 | relationship | 0.970 | Malaria did not only leave its mark on our bodies, but in many ways also on our history. Malaria is thought to have been a secret ally that helped the Germanic and other tribes bring about the downfall of Rome. | p[15] | 0.700 | ||
| How did malaria affect the Roman army and agricultural sector? | directly through epidemics and indirectly by reducing the productivity in the agricultural sector | Malaria did not only leave its mark on our bodies, but in many ways also on our history. Malaria is thought to have been a secret ally that helped the Germanic and other tribes bring about the downfall of Rome. By examining the teeth and bones of the Romans, archaeologists have brought together more and more evidence that the mosquito-borne fever once thrived in the warm, marshy river valleys of the Tiber and the Po in the Roman empire. The disease enfeebled the mightiest army of the ancient world directly through epidemics and indirectly by reducing the productivity in the agricultural sector and hastened the fall of Rome. This disease that was powerful enough to afflict the mightiest armies also left its mark on the fate of societies and the lives of many other regions of the world. | 503 | relationship | 0.970 | The disease enfeebled the mightiest army of the ancient world directly through epidemics and indirectly by reducing the productivity in the agricultural sector and hastened the fall of Rome. | p[15] | 0.700 | ||
| Why was the quinine-based mixture unpleasant to consume when used as a malaria treatment? | quinine is so bitter that tonic water, with concentrations high enough to be effective against malaria, was unpleasant to drink | Quinine powder was either drunk with wine or dissolved in water, a mixture that became known as “tonic water”. But quinine is so bitter that tonic water, with concentrations high enough to be effective against malaria, was unpleasant to drink. The British colonial officers stationed in malarious India therefore started to add sugar, lime, and gin to it, and thereby created a drink that is still popular today: gin and tonic. Malaria left its mark on our history, our bodies, our drinks, and for thousands of years, caused the deaths of people all around the world. But in the last few generations, humanity gained ground in this long-lasting battle against the disease. The map shows in which regions of the world malaria is prevalent today (in purple) and where it was prevalent in the past. Just a few generations ago malaria was common in many more places around the world than it is today. | 115 | relationship | 0.970 | But quinine is so bitter that tonic water, with concentrations high enough to be effective against malaria, was unpleasant to drink. | ||||
| Why does malaria still affect some of the poorest countries in the world? | because the poor finances make it hard to fight the disease, but also because the disease lowers the productivity of the economy | Malaria was once prevalent in many of today's richest countries, but it was eliminated there over the last century. Today, malaria still affects some of the poorest countries in the world, as the chart shows. This is partly because the poor finances make it hard to fight the disease, but also because the disease lowers the productivity of the economy. In the chart below, you can see each country’s prevalence of malaria compared to their GDP per capita. World Malaria Report 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Wiesenfeld SL (1967) — Sickle-cell trait in human biological and cultural evolution. Science. 157:1134–40. Joy DA, Feng XR, Mu JB, et al. (2003) — Early origin and recent expansion of Plasmodium falciparum. Science. 300:318–21. | 224 | relationship | 0.970 | This is partly because the poor finances make it hard to fight the disease, but also because the disease lowers the productivity of the economy. | p[56] | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| p[15] |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| valid |
| valid |
| p[29] |
| 0.700 |
| valid |